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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does ANS stand for?
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Autonomic Nervous System
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What is the etymology of autonomic?
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Autos = auto
Nomos = law |
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By definition the ANS is purely ________
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Motor
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How does transmission of a signal from the
CNS to an effector differ between the somatic and autonomic divisions of the nervous system (just the most basic difference)? |
It travels through 2 neurons in the ANS, only 1 in the somatic division.
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What do we call the first neuron in an ANS
pathway? |
Pre-ganglionic neuron
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Describe a Pre-ganglionic neuron's axons
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Myelinated
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What do we call the second neuron in an
ANS pathway? |
Ganglionic neuron
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What do we call the axons of the second
neuron? Describe them. |
Post-ganglionic axons
Unmyelinated |
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What are the two major divisions of the ANS?
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Sympathetic
Parasympathetic |
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What is the anatomically based name for the sympathetic division?
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Thoracolumbar
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What is the functional (laymen’s) name for the sympathetic division?
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Fight-or-flight
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Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons located?
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Lateral horns (of spinal cord) from T1 – L2
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What neurotransmitter is generally released by sympathetic post-ganglionic axons?
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Norepinephrine
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What are the two types of ganglia in the
sympathetic division and where are they located? |
Sympathetic trunk ganglia
Parallel to vertebral column Collateral ganglia Anterior to abdominal aorta |
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What carries sympathetic signals from the
spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk? |
White ramus communicans
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What carries sympathetic signals, destined
for glands or peripheral blood vessels in the body wall, which return to a spinal nerve for distribution? |
Gray ramus communicans
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How do sympathetic impulses destined for
areas outside region of sympathetic impulse origination (T1-L2) get to their target? |
Originate from T1-L2
Enter the sympathetic trunk Travel through additional ganglia Every spinal nerve has a gray ramus |
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What do we call the nerves that carry fibers
that have passed through the sympathetic trunk without synapsing to the collateral ganglia where they will synapse prior to innervating abdominopelvic viscera? |
Splanchnic nerves
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What are the names of the 3 collateral
ganglia? |
Celiac
Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric |
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What endocrine organ is composed of short
post-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division and what neurotransmitters (that act as hormones) are released? |
Adrenal medulla
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What are some of the effects of sympathetic
stimulation? |
Increased alertness
Increased cardiac and respiratory activity Increase muscle tone Energy mobilization Dilate pupils Constrict peripheral and visceral vessels Stimulate sweat and arrector pili muscles Ejaculation |
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What is the functional (laymen’s) name for
the parasympathetic division? |
Rest-and-digest
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What is the anatomically based name for the
parasympathetic division? |
Craniosacral division
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Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic
parasympathetic neurons located? |
Brainstem
S2-S4 |
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What cranial nerves transmit
parasympathetic impulses? |
Oculomotor
Facial Glossopharyngeal Vagus |
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What neurotransmitter is generally released
by parasympathetic post-ganglionic axons? |
Ach – acetylcholine
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Where are the ganglia located in the
parasympathetic division? |
Near or in the wall of the target organ
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What are some of the effects of
parasympathetic stimulation? |
Constrict pupils
Secretion from digestive glands Increase GI motility Constrict respiratory passages Reduction of heart rate Arousal |
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What region of the brain has the most direct
control over the ANS? |
Hypothalamus
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What region of the brain contains
autonomic reflex centers that control things such as cardiovascular and respiratory activity, pupil size, digestive secretion, and peristalsis? |
Medulla oblongata
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What aspect of the brain (linked to the
hypothalamus) links emotion and autonomic function? |
Limbic system
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