Anatomy Chapter 16 & 18

Front 1

Where does the spinal cord end?

Back 1

L1 or L2 - also the sight of a lumbar puncture or spinal tap

Front 2

Cervical

Back 2

C1-C8, supplies upper limbs and thoracic girdle

Front 3

Cervical enlargement

Back 3

C6

Front 4

Thoracic

Back 4

T1-T12

Front 5

Lumbar

Back 5

L1-L5

Front 6

Sacral

Back 6

S1-S5

Front 7

Cauda Equina

Back 7

Horse's Tail, Nerve fibers come out of spinal cord

Front 8

Spinal Meninges

Back 8

Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Pia Mater

Front 9

Gray Commissure

Back 9

Filled with cerebral spinal fluid

Front 10

Central Canal

Back 10

Sensory and Motor

Front 11

Posterior root

Back 11

Dorsal root, Afferent neurons input

Front 12

Posterior root ganglion

Back 12

Dorsal root ganglion

Front 13

Anterior root

Back 13

Ventral root, Anterior media fissure

Front 14

Spinal nerves

Back 14

Branch into dorsal and ventral rami

Front 15

Dorsal rami

Back 15

serve muscles and skin of posterior trunk

Front 16

Ventral rami

Back 16

serve muscles and skin of lateral and anterior trunk

Front 17

White Matter

Back 17

Ascending (Sensory) and descending (Motor) tracts

Front 18

Spinal Nerve (PNS) subdivisions

Back 18

1.)sensory/afferent, somatic, visceral
2.)motor/efferent, somatic, visceral

Front 19

Somatic nerve (Sensory/afferent)

Back 19

skin, joints. (Touch, pain, pressure, temp, senses)

Front 20

Visceral nerve (Sensory/afferent)

Back 20

Autonomic N.S. (Stretch, Pain, temp, hunger, taste)

Front 21

Somatic nerve (motor/efferent)

Back 21

Innervation of skeletal muscles

Front 22

Visceral nerve (motor/efferent)

Back 22

innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, AKA autonomic nervous system

Front 23

Nerve Plexuses

Back 23

Network of nerve fibers formed from ventral rami

Front 24

Cervical plexus

Back 24

neck and shoulder, made of C1-C5 nerves

Front 25

Phrenic nerve

Back 25

Branches off C3-C5

Front 26

Brachial plexus

Back 26

Upper limbs, shoulder, and some thoraci muscles - C5-T1

Front 27

Axillary

Back 27

Armpit, innervates deltoid, shoulder

Front 28

Musculocutaneous

Back 28

Flexor of arm

Front 29

Median

Back 29

Runs in front side of humerus

Front 30

Ulnar

Back 30

Flexes Ulna

Front 31

Radial

Back 31

deep extensor, skin on back of hand

Front 32

Lumbar Plexus

Back 32

Anterior, medial muscles of thigh, T1-L5

Front 33

Femoral

Back 33

Anterior thigh, quads

Front 34

Obturator

Back 34

Adductors of thigh

Front 35

Sacral plexus

Back 35

posterior thigh and almost all of leg. L4-S4

Front 36

Sciatic nerve

Back 36

Longest thickest nerve

Front 37

Dermatomes

Back 37

Nerve regions

Front 38

What are shingles?

Back 38

Herpes zoster-chicken pox-virus re activates

Front 39

Reflexes

Back 39

Autonomic movements built for protection

Front 40

Reflex arc

Back 40

Pathway - receptor,sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

Front 41

Receptor of reflex arc

Back 41

Recieves stimulus

Front 42

Sensory neuron of reflex arc

Back 42

Transmits afferent impulse to CNS

Front 43

Integration center of reflex arc

Back 43

Interprets input and elicits response

Front 44

Motor neuron of reflex arc

Back 44

Conducts efferent impulse to effector

Front 45

Effector of reflex arc

Back 45

Muscle or gland responds

Front 46

Preganglionic motor neuron

Back 46

Cell body lies in brain or spinal cord

Front 47

Autonomic ganglia

Back 47

Motor ganglia

Front 48

Ganglionic motor neuron (Postganglionic motor neuron)

Back 48

Cell body lies in autonomic ganglion

Front 49

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Back 49

Motor neurons that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands. - regulate heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and urination

Front 50

2 Divisions of ANS

Back 50

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Front 51

Sympathetic

Back 51

Fight or flight, mobilizes the body

Front 52

Parasympathetic

Back 52

Resting and digesting, conserves energy, innervate same visceral organs, cause opposite effect

Front 53

Origin of fibers in sympathetic and parasympathetic

Back 53

Sympathetic- thoracolumbar division of spinal cord
Parasympathetic - craniosacral division

Front 54

Location of autonomic ganglia

Back 54

Sympathetic- Chain ganglia
Parasympathetic - Near organ

Front 55

Neurotransmitters

Back 55

Sympathetic-Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
Parasympathetic - Acetylcholine

Front 56

Parasympathetic

Back 56

Slows heart rate, lungs constrict, digestion increases, bladder contracts, iris constrics, penis erects

Front 57

Sympathetic

Back 57

Heart rate increases, lungs dilate, digestion decreases, bladder relaxes, pupils dilate, blood vessels constrict, penis ejaculates

Front 58

Hemiplegia

Back 58

Paralysis of the upper and lower limbs on one side of the body, usually result from a stroke

Front 59

Myelitis

Back 59

Inflammation of the spinal cord

Front 60

Paraplegia

Back 60

Paralysis that results in loss of motor control in both lower limps

Front 61

Quadriplegia

Back 61

Paralysis of both the upper and lower limbs

Front 62

Hirschsprung disease

Back 62

Dilation and hypertrophy of the colon due to absence or marked reduction in the number of ganglion cells within the colon

Front 63

Vagotomy

Back 63

Surgical separation or splitting of the vagus nerve, usually performed to reduce gastric acid secretion in ulcer patients when medications have failed.