Anatomy Chapter 14

Front 1

Peripheral nervous system

Back 1

the nervous system structures that reside outside the brain and spinal cord.

Front 2

How many cranial nerves are there? What are there names?

Back 2

12;

Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharangeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

Front 3

What is the Mnemonic to memeorize the Cranial Nerves.

Back 3

Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly

Front 4

what is the mnemonic for the Cranial Nerves' functions?

Back 4

S= Sensory M= motor B= both

Some
Say
Mary
Money
BUT
My
Brother
Says
BIG
Brains
Mean
More

Front 5

Cranial Nerve I

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 5

Olfactory

Sensory

Smelling

Olfactory foramina

Front 6

Cranial Nerve II

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 6

Optic Nerves

Sensory

Vision

Optic foramina

Front 7

Cranial Nerve III

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 7

Occulomotor nerves

Motor

Controls all eye movements with the exception of two of the eyes' muscles.

Superior orbital fissure

Front 8

What two eye muscles does the Occulomotor cranial nerve not control?

Back 8

Superior oblique and lateral rectus.

Front 9

Cranial Nerve IV

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 9

Trochlear

Motor

Motor impulses (and also innervates the superior oblique eye muscles)

superior orbital fissure

Front 10

Cranial Nerve V

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 10

Trigeminal

Both (Sensorimotor)
Sensory- Mouth, tongue, face
Motor- chewing

Allows us to chew and sense feedback from face, mouth and tongue. DOES NOT SENSE TASTE!

Superior orbital fissure, foramen rotondum, foramen ovale

Front 11

The trigeminal cranial nerve is the...

Back 11

THICKEST of all the cranial nerves (does not sense TASTE!)

Front 12

Cranial Nerve VI

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 12

Abducens nerve

Motor

Controls lateral rectus which alloes eyes to ABduct.

Superior orbital fissure

Front 13

Cranial Nerve VII

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 13

Facial Nerves

Sensorimotor
Sensory- Taste for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Motor- facial expressions

Taste and facial expression

Stylomastoid foramen

Front 14

As previously mentioned the facial cranial nerve allows us to sense tastes from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. Thus what TASTES can we sense?

Back 14

SWEET AND SALTY

Front 15

Cranial Nerve VIII

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 15

Vestibulocochlear

Sensory

balance and hearing

Internal Acousic meatus

Front 16

Cranial Nerve IX

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 16

Glossopharangeal nerve

Sensorimotor

Sensory- proprioception and posterior 1/3 taste buds
Motor- swallowing (not chewing)

Jugular foramen

Front 17

The glossopharangeal is a cranial nerve that is made up of

Back 17

3 nerves in one.

Front 18

the glossopharangeal cranial nerve allows us to sense what TASTES?

Back 18

Sour and bitter.

Front 19

Cranial Nerve X

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 19

Vagus nerves

Sensorimotor

Sensory- Taste buds (again posterior 1/3) and visceral proprioception
Motor- swallowing, speech and visceral movement

Jugular foramen

Front 20

Cranial Nerve X

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 20

Vagus nerves

Sensorimotor

Sensory- Taste buds (again posterior 1/3) and visceral proprioception
Motor- swallowing, speech and visceral movement

Jugular foramen

Front 21

Cranial Nerve X

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 21

Vagus nerves

Sensorimotor

Sensory- Taste buds (again posterior 1/3) and visceral proprioception
Motor- swallowing, speech and visceral movement

Jugular foramen

Front 22

Cranial Nerve XI

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 22

Accessesory nerves

Motor

Controls neck muscles

Jugular foramen

Front 23

Cranial Nerve XII

Name:
Category:
Primary Function:
Hole to the brain:

Back 23

Hypoglossal nerve

Motor

Controls tongue movement

Hypoglossal canal

Front 24

The vagus nerve is also the...

Back 24

longest of the cranial nerves.

Front 25

The peripheral nervous system contains cranial nerves as well as _____.

Back 25

Spinal nerves

Front 26

How many spinal nerves are there? how are they broken into classes?

Back 26

31

8 - Cervical
12- Thoracic
5 - lumbar
5 - sacral
1- coccygeal

Front 27

why are there 8 cervical nerves and only 7 cervical vertebrae?

Back 27

the first cervical spine lays superior to the C1 vertebrae while the last cervical nerve exits inferior to the C7 vertebrae.

Front 28

Below the cervical region what is the pattern of spinal nerve and vertebrae?

Back 28

Beneath the cervical spine the spinal nerve exits just inferior to its paired vertebrae.

Front 29

Spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord via 2 routes what are they and what does each route carry?

Back 29

Ventral and dorsal roots

Ventral- motor (after brain)
Dorsal- sensory (before brain)

Front 30

Are ALL spinal nerves are sensory or motor?

Back 30

None, All are both. sensorimotor.

Front 31

The dorsal root contains _____________ fibers arising from cell bodies in the ______________, whereas the ventral root contains _________ fibers coming from the ________________________.

Back 31

sensory;
dorsal root ganglion;

motor
anterior gray column of the spinal cord.

Front 32

• Dorsal and ventral roots come together to make a spinal nerve when the roots later split off they form…

Back 32

Dorsal and ventral rami

Front 33

Dorsal and ventral rami

-What kind of nerve is each (sensory, motor, both)
-Where does each go
- what information does each recieve?

Back 33

Mixed nerve (sensorimotor)

Dorsal- toward posterior
Ventral- toward anterior

Dorsal- recieves sensory info from the skin over the spine on a person's BACK

Ventral- recieves sensory info from skin on the anterior and lateral parts of the body

Front 34

The ventral ramus also combine and innervate...

Back 34

the limbs.

Front 35

A network of nerves named according to innervated structures or locations...

Back 35

nerve PLEXUS

Front 36

Nerve plexus occur in all spinal regions with the exception of what region?

Back 36

THORACIC

The branching and joining DOES occur in the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral.

Front 37

What is the main purpose of nerve plexi?

Back 37

to innervate the limbs.

Front 38

Plexuses are formed by ____________.

Why do fibers from different rami crisscross?

Back 38

Ventral rami.

So that each branch of the plexus is innervated by different nerves and so that each rami travels in different routes. TO PROTECT AGAINST DAMAGE TO LIMB FXN!

Front 39

The cervical plexus is formed by the VENTRAL RAMI of ________ cervical nerves.

Back 39

C1-C5

Front 40

The cervical plexus innervates _________ mostly.

The most important nerve from this plexus is the ________ nerve which innervates the _____________.

Back 40

cutaneously (The skin of the neck and back of the head)

Phrenic nerve; diaphragm

Front 41

Why is damage to the cervical plexus and specifically the phrenic nerve so dangerous?

Back 41

Because damage can cause the failure of the diaphragm and therefore respiratory arrest.

Front 42

What occurs as a result of abrupt signals from the phrenic nerve on the diaphragm?

Back 42

Hiccups

Front 43

the brachial plexus is made up of ventral rami exiting the spinal cord between...

Back 43

C5 and T1

Front 44

the brachial plexus gives rise to nearly all nerves that innervate

Back 44

the upper limb

Front 45

What are the major nerves of the brachial plexus?

Back 45

Axilary
Radial
Musculocutaneous
Ulnar
Median

Front 46

Axilary nerve of the brachial plexus.

- branch of the ______ cord
- muscles innervated
- cutaneous innervations

Back 46

poserior

Deltoid and teres minor

shoulder

Front 47

Radial nerve of the brachial plexus.

- branch of the ______ cord
- muscles innervated
- cutaneous innervations

Back 47

Posterior

All extensors (on the posterior arm)

Hand and RADIAL side of arm

Front 48

Musculocutaneous nerve of the brachial plexus.

- branch of the ______ cord
- muscles innervated
- cutaneous innervations

Back 48

Lateral

Arm flexors (biceps brachii, brachialis)

Lateral forearm

Front 49

What is saturday night paralysis? More importantly what nerve is being blocked?

Back 49

Saturday night paralysis/crutch paralysis- no movement after your arm is rested and the RADIAL NERVE is being blocked

Front 50

Ulnar nerve of the brachial plexus.

- branch of the ______ cord
- muscles innervated
- cutaneous innervations

Back 50

Medial cord

Wrist and hand flexors of the medial side

Medial side (ulnar side)

Front 51

Median nerve of the brachial plexus.

- branch of the ______ cord
- muscles innervated
- cutaneous innervations

Back 51

Medial and lateral

the rest of the wrist and hand flexors in the forearm

anterior forearm but not ulnar side (where the ulnar nerve recieves sensory info)

Front 52

The lumbar plexus of the PNS

- recieves signal from what spinal nerves?
- innervates what general body area?

Back 52

L1 - L4

lower abdomen and anterior/medial leg

Front 53

what two major nerves make up the lumbar plexus?

Back 53

Femoral and Obturator

Front 54

Femoral nerve of the lumbar plexus.

- muscles innervated
- cutaneous innervations

Back 54

Motor- quadricep muscles
Sensory- anterior and medial thigh and leg

Front 55

Obturator nerve of the lumbar plexus.

- muscles innervated
- cutaneous innervations

Back 55

Motor- innervates the adductors of the INNER thigh

Sensory- inner/medial thigh

Front 56

The sacral plexus is innervated by what spinal nerves?

Back 56

L4 - S4

Front 57

What general structures does the sacral plexus innervate?

Back 57

lower back, pelvis and posterior leg and foot.

Front 58

What is the largest branched nerve from the sacral plexus?

Back 58

The sciatic nerve (THE THICKEST AND LONGEST NERVE IN THE BODY)

Front 59

The sciatic nerve of the sacral plexus is further branched into what two major branches?

Back 59

Tibial and peroneal

Front 60

Tibial branch of the sciatic nerve (of the sacral plexus)

-innervates what muscles (motor)
-innervates what skin (sensory)

Back 60

Motor- Flexors of the leg and thigh (Hamstrings and calfs)

Sensory- posterior part of leg, and the plantar surface of the foot.

Front 61

peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve (of the sacral plexus)

-innervates what muscles (motor)
-innervates what skin (sensory)

Back 61

Motor- the anterior and lateral portion of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot

Sensory- anterior and lateral portion of the leg and dorsal suface of the foot

Front 62

-Topographical map of a human
-Tells us what sensory nerve receives input for where.
-50% overlap in the torso spinal nerves

Back 62

DERMATOMES