Anatomy Chapter 1

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

The structure of the body and their relationship to one another.

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

Concerns the function of the body

Front 3

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

Back 3

The subdivisions of large body structures visible to the naked eye such as the heart, lungs and kidneys.

Front 4

Systemic Anatomy

Back 4

Studying the body, system by system.

Front 5

Microscopic Anatomy

Back 5

Deals with structures to small to see with the naked eye. Body tissue and cells.

Front 6

Cytology

Back 6

The study of cells in the body

Front 7

Histology

Back 7

The study of tissues

Front 8

The simplest level of the structural hierarchy is?

Back 8

Chemical Level (atoms, molecules, organelles)

Front 9

Cellular Level

Back 9

Cells are the smallest unit of living things. All cells have common functions but vary in shape and size. These changes reflect their unique function in the body.

Front 10

Tissue Level

Back 10

Tissues are groups of cells that have a similar function.

Front 11

The four basic tissue types are?

Back 11

Epithelium, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

Front 12

Organ Level

Back 12

Organs are complex formations of two or more different types of tissue. Each organ preforms a specific function of the body.

Front 13

Organ System Level

Back 13

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.

Front 14

Organismal Level

Back 14

The sum total of all structural levels working together.

Front 15

Movement

Back 15

Activities promoted by the muscular system such as running. Also activities such as urination are considered movement.

Front 16

Responsiveness

Back 16

Ability to sense changes with the environment and then respond to them.

Front 17

Metabolism

Back 17

All chemical reactions that occur within body cells

Front 18

Catabolism

Back 18

Breaking down into simpler building blocks

Front 19

Anabolism

Back 19

Synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances.

Front 20

Integumentary System

Back 20

Forms the external body structure ie. Skin. Protects the body from outside invaders and injury. Houses pain receptors, sweat and oil glands.

Front 21

Skeletal System

Back 21

Protects and supports body organs. Provides muscle framework.blood cells are formed here. Bones store minerals.

Front 22

Muscular System

Back 22

Allows for environment manipulation and facial movement. Produces heat

Front 23

Nervous system

Back 23

Fast acting control system. Responds to external and internal changes by activating appropriate responses

Front 24

Endocrine System

Back 24

Glands secrete hormones that regulate process (growth, reproduction)

Front 25

Cardiovascular System

Back 25

Blood vessels transport blood which carries nutrients throughout the body. Heart pumps blood.

Front 26

Lymphatic System

Back 26

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it. Houses white blood cells for immunity.

Front 27

Respiratory System

Back 27

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbondioxide. The gaseous exchanges occur in air sacs in lungs

Front 28

Digestive System

Back 28

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood. Indigestible food stuffs are removed by feces

Front 29

Urinary System

Back 29

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolytes, and acid base balance of the blood

Front 30

Reproductive System

Back 30

Front 31

Excretion

Back 31

The process of removing wastes from the body.

Front 32

Homeostasis

Back 32

A stable body environment

Front 33

All homeostatic control mechanisms are processes involving at least three components that work together. These are:

Back 33

Receptor (node that monitors environment and responds to change)

Control Center (determines the set point and appropriate response or course of action

Effector (the means for the control centers response and feedback)

Front 34

Superior

Back 34

Toward the head or upper of body.

Front 35

Inferior (caudal)

Back 35

Away from the head toward the lower part of a structure or the body, below (naval is inferior to the chin)

Front 36

Ventral (anterior)

Back 36

Toward the front of the body, in front of ( the breastbone is anterior to the spine)

Front 37

Dorsal (posterior)

Back 37

Toward or at the back of the body, behind (the heart is posterior to the breastbone)

Front 38

Medial

Back 38

Toward the midline of the body, on the inner side of (the heart is medial to the arm)

Front 39

Lateral

Back 39

Away from the midline ( arms are lateral to the chest)

Front 40

Intermediate

Back 40

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure ie. The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder

Front 41

Proximal

Back 41

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment to the trunk ie. Elbow is proximal to the wrist.

Front 42

Distal

Back 42

Farther from the origin of a body part or point of attachment to the body trunk ie. Knee is distal to the thigh

Front 43

Superficial

Back 43

Toward or at the body surface ie. Skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

Front 44

Deep (internal)

Back 44

Away from body surface. More internal ie. The lungs are deep to the skin

Front 45

Cephalic

Back 45

Head

Front 46

Frontal

Back 46

Forehead

Front 47

Orbital

Back 47

Eye area

Front 48

Nasal

Back 48

Nose

Front 49

Oral

Back 49

Mouth

Front 50

Mental

Back 50

Chin

Front 51

Cervical

Back 51

Neck

Front 52

Thoracic

Back 52

Chest

Front 53

Sternal

Back 53

Sternum

Front 54

Axillary

Back 54

Armpit area

Front 55

Mammary

Back 55

Nipple area

Front 56

Abdominal

Back 56

Stomach area or abdomen

Front 57

Umbilical

Back 57

Naval

Front 58

Pevlic

Back 58

Between groin and naval

Front 59

Inguinal

Back 59

Groin

Front 60

Pubic

Back 60

Genital

Front 61

Upper limb

Back 61

Arm until wrist

Front 62

Acromial

Back 62

Shoulder

Front 63

Brachial

Back 63

Arm from shoulder to elbow

Front 64

Olecranal

Back 64

Elbow

Front 65

Antebrachial

Back 65

Forearm

Front 66

Carpal

Back 66

Wrist

Front 67

Manus

Back 67

Whole hand

Front 68

Pollex

Back 68

Below thumb

Front 69

Metacarpal

Back 69

Front of hand not including fingers. Opposite palms

Front 70

Palmar

Back 70

Palm

Front 71

Digital

Back 71

Fingers

Front 72

Lower limb

Back 72

Upper thigh to ankle area of leg

Front 73

Coxal

Back 73

Hip

Front 74

Femoral

Back 74

Thigh

Front 75

Patellar

Back 75

Knee

Front 76

Cural

Back 76

Leg portion between knee and ankle but not calf

Front 77

Sural

Back 77

Calf area or back of leg

Front 78

Fibular

Back 78

Side of crural leg think fibula

Front 79

Pedal

Back 79

Foot

Front 80

Tarsal

Back 80

Ankle

Front 81

Calcaneal

Back 81

Heel

Front 82

Metatarsal

Back 82

Top of foot but not toes

Front 83

Digital

Back 83

Toes

Front 84

Plantar

Back 84

Bottom of feet

Front 85

Hallux

Back 85

Big toe

Front 86

Otic

Back 86

Ears

Front 87

Occipital

Back 87

Back of head

Front 88

Dorsal

Back 88

Back

Front 89

Scapular

Back 89

Shoulder blade area of back

Front 90

Vertebral

Back 90

Spine

Front 91

Lumbar

Back 91

Lower back closer to midline

Front 92

Sacral

Back 92

Small of back near buttocks

Front 93

Gluteal

Back 93

Butt cheek

Front 94

Perineal

Back 94

Taint area

Front 95

What are the two fundamental divisions of the human body.

Back 95

Axial or axis compromises the head, neck, trunk

Appendicular consists of limbs and appendages