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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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toward the head ex. the heart is superior to the liver.
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Superior
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away from the head ex. the stomach is inferior to the lungs
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inferior
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towards the front ex. the sternum is anterire to the heart
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anteior
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towards the back of the body ex. the esophagus is posterior to the trachea
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posterior
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nearer to the midline ex. the ulna is medial to the radius
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medial
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farther from the midline ex. the lungs are lateral to the heart
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lateral
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between to structures ex. the transverse colon is intermediate between the ascending and descending colons
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intermedial
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on the same side ex. the gall blader and the ascending colon are ipsilateral
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ipsolateral
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on the opposite side of the body ex. the ascending and descending colons are contralateral
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contralateral
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closer to the point of attachment origin of a hollow organ ex. the humerus is proximal to the radius
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proximal
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farther from the point of attachment end of the hollow organ ex. the phalanges are distal to the carpals
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distal
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toward or on the surface of the body ex. the ribs are superficial to the lungs
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superficial
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away from the surface of the body ex. the ribs are deep to the skin of the chest and back
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deep
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study of structures w/out use of microscope
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gross
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study of structures using specialized equipment
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microscopic
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the study of the function of the human body
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phisology
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the smallest particles of matter that still retain the characteristices of that matter
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atoms
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backbone of orbanic molecules
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carbons
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water and most organic molecules
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hydrogen
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proteins and nucleic acids
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nitrogen
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water, generate ATP
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oxygen
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nucleic acids, ATP
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phosophorous
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proteins
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sulfur
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two or mor atoms that are chemically bonded together
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molecule
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no carbon, chemically simple, small, few atoms
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inorganic molecules
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lots of carbons, chemically complex, large w/many atoms
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organic molecules
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the basic structural and functional units of the body "factory" use energy, process raw materials, generate products, elimate wastes
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cells
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2 or more cells having similar orgins and working together to perform a specific function
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tissues
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epithelial
connective muscular nervous |
4 types of tissue
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a group of tissues working together to perform a specific function
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organ
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a group of tissues working together to perform life functions they make up the human body
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organ system
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which system: protection of the body, detects stimulation, helps regulates temps
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integementary system
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which system supports, protect, muscle attachment
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skeletal system
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which system: helps with movement
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muscular system
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which system controls the body's functions through electrical signals
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nervous system
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which system helps regulate or control the body through glands
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endocrine system
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which system transports things via blood througout the body
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cardiovascular system
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which system collects fluid and fights off microbes
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lymphatic/immune system
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which system gas exchange (breathing)
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respitory system
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which system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients and disposes wastes
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digestive system
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which system filters blood and produces urine
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urinary system
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which system produces offspring
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reproductive system
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a group of organ systems working together to perform life functions
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organisims
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the processes needed to keep an organisim alive
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life functions
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the sum of all chemical reactions performed by an organism
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metabolism
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the breakdown of complex substances
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catabolic reactions
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building up of complex substances from smaller, simpler components
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anabolic reactions
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the ability of an organism to respond to a stimulus
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responsiviness
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a physical increase in the size of an organisim
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growth
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the acquiring of new abilities
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developement
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the condition of equilibrium
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homeostasis
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a cycle of events in which conditions of he body are monitored,evaluated, changed and then reevaluated
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feedback system
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generate signals sent to control center; nerve impulses or chemicals
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receptors
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receives information, initates change if info is outside of normal limits
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control center
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structures that receibe information from the control center and works to change the function of the body (nearly every tissue or organ in the body)
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effectors
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a change in one direction causes a change in the opposite direction *most common type of control mechanism used to restore homeostasis
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negative feedback system
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a change in one direction in thebody causes the body to amplify *less common *requires a shift away form homestasis
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possitive feedback system
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any derangement or abnormality of function
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disorder
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any illness that is characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms *specific term for an illness that alters the body structures and functions in characterstic ways
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disease
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any condidtion, real or perceived
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stress
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head, neck, trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs
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5 anatomical regions
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used to identify various regions of the body
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reginal terms
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terms used to identify the relative position of structures associated with the body
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directional terms
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person standing erect head and eyes forward arms by side w/palms forward feet are parallel and pointing forward
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the 4 criteria of the anatomicl psition
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towards the head
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cranial
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towards the tail
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caudal
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