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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Toward the head; upper part of structure
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Superior
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Away from head; lower part of structure
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Inferior
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Nearer to or at front of body
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Anterior
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Nearer to or at back of body
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Posterior
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Directional Term - Nearer to Midline
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Medial
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Directional Term: Farther from the midline
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Lateral
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Directional Term - Between two structures
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Intermediate
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Directional Term: On the same side of the body as another structure
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Ipsilateral
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Directional Term: On the opposite side of the body from another structure
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Contralateral
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Directional Term: Nearer to the attachment of a limb. Example - the humerus is proximal to phalanges
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Proximal
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Directional Term: Further away from attachment of limb Example - Phalanges are ----- to shoulder
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Distal
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Directional: Towards the surface of the body
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Superficial
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Directional: Away from surface of body
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Deep
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Vertical plane that divides body into left and right sides
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Sagittal Plane
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Midsagittal or Median Plane
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Divides body into equal left and right sides
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Parasagittal
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Lines passes through the body unequally
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Divides the body into front and posterior portions
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Frontal or Coronal
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Divides body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions.
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Transverse
Other names for this are: Cross-sectional or Horizontal |
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Which cavity contains the brain?
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Cranial Cavity
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Which cavity contains the spinal cord?
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Vertebral cavity
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Three layers of protective tissue are called what?
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Meninges - line the cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
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Which cavity includes the muscle of chest and ribs to name a few?
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Thoracic cavity - or chest cavity
ribs, muscle of chest, sternum and thoracic portion of spine. |
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The thoracic cavity includes another cavity, what is it?
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Pericardial cavity. Peri = around and cardial = heart. A fluid filled space that surrounds the heart.
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Which cavity surrounds the lungs?
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Pleural cavity
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Central part of Thoracic cavity is called?
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Mediastinum
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Mediatinum contains all thoracic structures except
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The lungs
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What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
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The diaphragm
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Thoracic cavity contains which 3 cavities?
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Pleural
Pericardial Mediastinum |
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The abdominopelvic cavity contains which2 cavities?
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Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity |
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Which organs are within the abdominopelvic cavity?
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Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, sml intestine, most of large intestine
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Pelvic cavity includes what?
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Urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, reproduction internal organs.
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Which serous membrane forms the lining of the abdominal cavity?
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Peritoneal
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Which body tissue covers body surface and also forms glands?
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Epithelial Tissue
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Which tissue generates physical force to make body structure move
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Muscular Tissue
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Which tissue protects and supports organs, help provide immunity, store energy fat?
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Connective Tissue
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Which tissue detect changes in conditions inside and outside body and maintains homeostasis?
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Nervous Tissue
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Epithelial tissue develops from?
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Ectoderm
Endoderm Mesoderm |
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Connective Tissue and most Muscle Tissue derives from?
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Mesoderm
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Nervous tissue derives from?
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Ectoderm
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Name the 3 epithelial membranes of the body?
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Mucous membranes
Serous membranes Cutaneous membranes |
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Which membrane lines joints and contains connective tissue but no epithelial?
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Synovial Membrane
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Which membrane lines the digestive, respiratory and reproductive tracts?
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Mucous Membrane
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Which membrane lines a body cavity that does not open to exterior and covers organs within cavity?
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Serous membrane
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Serous layer attached to cavity wall is called?
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Parietal layer - pariet = wall
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Serous layer that covers and attaches to organs insides cavity is called?
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Visceral cavity
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Serous membrane lining abdominal cavity and covering ab organs is called?
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Peritoneum
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The cutaneous membrane is also called what?
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The skin
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Which membrane lines the cavities of freely movable joints?
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Synovial Joints
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Muscular Tissue is classified into 3;
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Skeletal, cardiac and smooth
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Which muscle tissue is attached to bones of skeleton and is Voluntary?
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Skeletal Muscle tissue
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Which muscle tissue forms most of the wall of the heart and is Involuntary?
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Cardiac muscle tissue
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Which muscle tissue is located in walls of blood vessels, airways to lungs, stomach, intestines, gall bladder and urinary bladder?
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Smooth muscle tissue
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Are smooth muscle tissues voluntary or involuntary?
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Involuntary. These muscle usually contract and move fluid etc along within the body.
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Name the 2 types of cells within the nervous tissue
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Neurons and neuroglia
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Most neurons consist of 3 basic parts, what are they?
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*Cell body
* Dendrites *Axons |
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What is the function of Dendrites?
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The are major receiving or input portion of neuron
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What is function of Axon
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It is the output portion of neuron, conducting nerve impulses toward another neuron or some other tissue
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Neurons and muscle fibers are considered?
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Excitable cells because they exhibit electrical excitability
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What are sudoriferous glands?
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Sweat glands
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Which sudoriferous (sweat) gland is most common?
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Eccrine sweat glands
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Which sudoriferous (sweat) gland is found in groin, armpit area?
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Apocrine sweat glands
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What are modified sweat glands in external ear called?
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Ceruminous glands. Cerum is also called earwax
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What are most common oil glands found throughout the body called?
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Sebaceous glands.
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Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called what?
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Sebum
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Nails are plates of tightly packed hard dead what?
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Keratinized epidermal cells that form a clear covering over dorsal surface of fingers
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The thinner, superficial part of the skin is composed of epithelial tissue is the?
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Epidermis
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The deeper thicker connective tissue is part of the?
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Dermis
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Deep to the dermis but not part of the skin is the?
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Subcutaneous layer, also called the Hypodermis
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The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium. It contains 4 types of cells, what are they?
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Keratinocytes
Melanocytes Langerhans cells Merkel cells |
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What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?
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Stratum basale
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The stratum basale is also known as the?
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Stratum germinativum -> to indicate its role in forming NEW cells
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Superficial to the stratum basale is what?
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Stratum spinosum
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Which stratum is only present in thick skin of fingertips, palms and soles?
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Stratum Lucidum
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About middle of epidermis is the?
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Stratum granulosum
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Within what layer is the presence of darkly staining granules of a protein called Keratohyalin?
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Stratum Granulosum
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Which stratum consists of 25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes that are shed and replaced by cells from deeper strata?
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Stratum Corneum. Corne = horn
Constant exposure of skin to friction causes callus |
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What are newly formed cells that are pushed thru the epidermal layers called?
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Keratinization - they accumulate keratin on their way up.
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The hypodermis consists of what 2 tissues?
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Areolar and adipose tissue
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The hypodermis layer serves as a?
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Storage for fat and contains large blood vessels that supply the skin
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What is the skin disorder called where keratinocytes divide and move more quickly that normal from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?
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Psoriasis
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What are the 5 main functions of skin?
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It acts as a mechanical barrier to infections.
Skin provides the sense of touch or sensation It regulates body temperature. Skin excretes waste product and excess salt from the body. Skin synthesizes the use of Vitamin D |
