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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The structure not found in the nucleus of the atom
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the electron
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isotope
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an atom with the same element but a different atomic mass
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cation
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an atom with one less electron
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chemical energy
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potential energy and energy stored in bonds
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the 3 main elements in the body
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carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
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what elements are identified by
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the number of protons
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two atoms of the same element bonded
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molecule
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two atoms share a pair of electrons unequally
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polar covalent
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the 3 things that influence the rate of chemical reaction
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temperature, concentration, and catalysts
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what holds water molecules together
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hydrogen bonding
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where energy goes in endothermic reactions
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inwards
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a proton donor in water
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acid
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it speeds up reactions while remaining unchanged
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catalyst
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the most common carbohydrate monomer in living organisms
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glucose
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a combination of monomers to form a large polymer
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syntehsis
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the order of organization
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atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs
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the major function of carbohydrates in the body
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cellular fuel
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the bonds between some carbons in unsaturated fats
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double covalent bond
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when movement of sodium down concentration gradient drives the transport of other substances across the cell membrane
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secondary active transport
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insulin is produced by the pancreas in response to
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a rise in blood sugar
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monomers that make up proteins
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amino acids
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the process of converting mRNA to protein
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translation
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the product of transcription
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mRNA
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major components to cell membranes
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phospholipids, cholestrol, and proteins
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they prevent the passage of substances through the space between cells
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tight junctions
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true or false: ATP is involved in facilitated diffusion
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false
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true or false: potassium can pass through a lipid environment without help from a channel or transport protein
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false
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when a cell swells in a solution, the solution is
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hypotonic
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the na/k pump creates an atmosphere of
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more sodium on the outside and more potassium on the inside.
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water-hating molecules
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hydrophobic molecules
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the site of ATP production/energy conversion
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mitochondria
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the site of protein production
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ribosomes
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the protein needed in the membrane for endocytosis
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clathrin
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the organelle involved in modifying and packing molecules for transport
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golgi appartus
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what microfilaments are composed of
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actin
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the most important determinant of an atom's bonding behavior
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the valence shell electrons
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the roles of lysososmes
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destroy bacteria, break down bone, recycle organelles
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the ratio of sodium/potassium pump is
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3:2
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where ribosomes are produced
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in the nucleolus
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the cycle that a cell replicates its DNA in
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the S phase
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where most cytokinesis takes place
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the telophase of mitosis
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amino acids are joined together to make proteins in
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dehydration synthesis
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cells that produce lots of protein should have more of this organelle than other cells
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rough ER
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hailrike structures that propel mucous out of the lungs
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cilia
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the phase in which chromosomes line up in a straight line
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metaphase
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the most important role of peroxisomes
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neutralize free radicals
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what breaks down during prophase
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the nuclear envelope
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the structural and functional unit of life
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the cell
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