Anatomy Ch1

Front 1

cytology

Back 1

analyzes the internal structure of cells, which are the smallest unit of life

Front 2

histology

Back 2

examines tissues

Front 3

gross or macroscopic anatomy

Back 3

large structure visible to the unaided eye

Front 4

surface anatomy

Back 4

superficial anatomical landmarks

Front 5

regional anatomy

Back 5

focuses on all the external and internal structures of a given region; anatomical dissection takes this approach

Front 6

systemic anatomy

Back 6

stresses the structure of the major systems of the human body; intro courses b/c organizes structural and functional relationships

Front 7

developmental anatomy

Back 7

changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity

Front 8

embryology

Back 8

study of embryonic development

Front 9

comparative anatomy

Back 9

anatomical organization of different types of animals

Front 10

clinical anatomy

Back 10

anatomical features that may undergo recognizable pathological changes during illness

Front 11

surgical antomy

Back 11

anatomical landmarks important for surgical procedures

Front 12

radiographic anatomy

Back 12

anatomical structures as visualized by s-rays, ultrasounds

Front 13

cross-sectional anatomy

Back 13

new as new advances like CT and spiral scans

Front 14

chemical or molecular level

Back 14

atoms are minute particles that interact to form molecules or compounds with distinctive properties

Front 15

cellular level

Back 15

molcules arranged into small functional units called organelles which make up the internal structure of cells

Front 16

tissue level

Back 16

tissue formed by aggregations of specialized cells that perform specific functions

Front 17

organ level

Back 17

an organ is an aggregate of tissues integrated to perform a particular function

Front 18

system level

Back 18

body sytem consists of various organs that have similar functions

Front 19

organism level

Back 19

organism reflects the interactions of various organ systems

Front 20

homeostasis

Back 20

goal; maintenance of a relatively constant internal enviornment suitable for survival of body cells and tissues

Front 21

responsiveness/ irritability

Back 21

respond to changes in immediate environment

Front 22

adaptability

Back 22

capacity to make adjustments

Front 23

growth and differentiation

Back 23

individual cells become specialized to perform particular functions

Front 24

reproduction

Back 24

create subsequent generations of own kind

Front 25

movement

Back 25

capable of producing internal or external movement

Front 26

metabolism

Back 26

all chemical operations under way in body

Front 27

catabolism

Back 27

breakdown complex molecules

Front 28

anabolism

Back 28

synthesis of complex molecules

Front 29

absorption

Back 29

materials from environment

Front 30

respiration

Back 30

absorption, transport, and use of oxygen by cells

Front 31

excretion

Back 31

removal of generated unneeded waste

Front 32

integumentary system

Back 32

protection from environmental hazards; temperature control

Front 33

skeletal system

Back 33

support, protection of soft tissues; mineral storage; blood formation

Front 34

anatomical position

Back 34

stand face forward with legs together, feet flat on floor, hands at sides, palms face forward

Front 35

supine

Back 35

lying down face up in anatomical position

Front 36

prone

Back 36

lying down face down in anatomical position

Front 37

right and left

Back 37

in reference to the subject not observer

Front 38

cephalon

Back 38

head

Front 39

cervicis

Back 39

neck

Front 40

thoracis

Back 40

chest

Front 41

brachium

Back 41

arm

Front 42

antebrachium

Back 42

forearm

Front 43

carpus

Back 43

wrist

Front 44

manus

Back 44

manual

Front 45

abdomen

Back 45

abdomen

Front 46

pelvis

Back 46

pelvis

Front 47

pubis

Back 47

anterior pelvis

Front 48

inguen

Back 48

groin

Front 49

lumbus

Back 49

lower back

Front 50

gluteus

Back 50

butt

Front 51

femur

Back 51

thigh

Front 52

patella

Back 52

kneecap

Front 53

crus

Back 53

leg, knee to ankle

Front 54

sura

Back 54

calf

Front 55

tarsus

Back 55

ankle

Front 56

pes

Back 56

foot

Front 57

planta

Back 57

sole of foot

Front 58

abdominal quadrants

Back 58

clinicians use, use naval to make 4 lines

Front 59

abdominopelvic regions

Back 59

anatomists use more precise regional distinctions, 9 regions

Front 60

superior

Back 60

above, at higher level

Front 61

inferior

Back 61

below, at lower level

Front 62

cranial

Back 62

toward head

Front 63

caudal

Back 63

toward tail

Front 64

anterior or ventral

Back 64

toward the front

Front 65

posterior or dorsal

Back 65

toward back

Front 66

proximal

Back 66

toward attached base

Front 67

distal

Back 67

away from attached base

Front 68

medial

Back 68

toward midline

Front 69

lateral

Back 69

away from midline

Front 70

frontal or coronal plane

Back 70

divides body into anterior and posterior sections

Front 71

sagittal

Back 71

divides body into right and left (midsagittal) sections

Front 72

transverse

Back 72

divides the body into superior and inferior (cross) sections

Front 73

body cavities

Back 73

protect delicate organs and allow for significant changes in size and shape of body organs without disturbing the function of surroundings

Front 74

viscera

Back 74

internal organs that project into moist internal chambers

Front 75

mediastinum

Back 75

contains trachea, esophagus, and major vessels; seperates pleural cavities; contains pericardial cavity

Front 76

pericardial cavity

Back 76

surrounds heart

Front 77

visceral

Back 77

layer covering heart

Front 78

parietal

Back 78

opposing surface covering heart

Front 79

mesenteries

Back 79

double sheets of peritoneum suspend peritoneal cavity organs to provide support and stability and limited movement

Front 80

ventral body cavity (coelom)

Back 80

provides protection, allows organ movement, lining prevents friction, separated by diaphragm into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Front 81

thoracic cavity

Back 81

surrounded by chest wall and diaphragm, subdivided into pleural cavities and medistinum

Front 82

pleural cavities

Back 82

surround lung

Front 83

abdominopelvic cavity

Back 83

contains peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity

Front 84

abdomnial cavity

Back 84

contains many digestive glands and organs

Front 85

pelvic cavity

Back 85

contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract

Front 86

dorsal body cavity

Back 86

holds brain and spinal cord

Front 87

disease

Back 87

failure to maintain homeostatic condtions

Front 88

symptom

Back 88

subjective evidence of a disease - can only be evaluated or measured by the patient

Front 89

sign

Back 89

objective evidence of a disease - can bee evaluated or measured by someone other than the patient