Anatomy Ch 1 - 7

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

branch of science that studies the structure, or morphology of the body

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

branch of science that describes how the body works, or functions

Front 3

Pathophysiology

Back 3

Branch of science that describes how the consequences of improper functioning of body parts, that is how a body part functions with disease

Front 4

Levels of body organization from simple to complex

Back 4

tiny atoms form molecules, these form larger molecules. The molecules are organized into cells, specialized group of cells form tissues, tissues are arranged into organs, groups of organs create organ systems, all of the organ systems together form the human organism.

Front 5

smallest living units in the body

Back 5

atoms

Front 6

consists of the skin and related structures. ex. hair and nails. forms a covering for the body, helps regulate body temp, contains structures for sensation

Back 6

integumentary system

Front 7

forms the basic framework of the body. consists of bones, joints, and cartilage. protects and supports body organs

Back 7

skeletal system

Front 8

consists of three types of muscles. Skeletal muscles attach to the bones and are responsible for movement of the skeleton and maintenance of body posture.

Back 8

Muscle system

Front 9

consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs. Sensory nerves receive info from the environment and bring it to the spinal cord and brain, where it is interpreted.

Back 9

Nervous system

Front 10

consists of numerous glands that secrete hormones and chemical substances that regulate body activities such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and water balance

Back 10

Endocrine system

Front 11

consists of heart and blood vessels. This system pumps and transports blood throughout the body. blood carries nutrients and O2 to all body cells and carries waste from the cells to the organs for excretion.

Back 11

Circulatory system

Front 12

consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, and other lymphoid organs. play and important role in fluid balance and in defense of body against pathogens

Back 12

Lymphatic system

Front 13

consists of lungs and other structures that conduct air to and from the lungs.

Back 13

Respiratory system

Front 14

consists of organs designed to eat food, break it down into substances that can be absorbed by body, and eliminate the waste

Back 14

Digestive system

Front 15

consists of kidneys and other structures that help excrete waste from the body through the urine. helps control the amount of water and other substances in the body

Back 15

Urinary system

Front 16

consists of organs and structures that enable humans to reproduce.

Back 16

Reproductive system

Front 17

superior and inferior

Back 17

part is above another part or closer to the head

part is below another part or closer to the feet

Front 18

medial and lateral

Back 18

towards the midline of the body

away from the midline of the body

Front 19

proximal and distal

Back 19

structure is closer to the point of attachment.

part is further away from the point of attachment

Front 20

superficial and deep

Back 20

part is located near or on the surface of the body

located away from the surface of the body

Front 21

central and peripheral

Back 21

part is located in center

located away from center

Front 22

dorsal cavity includes:
what do they contain?

Back 22

cranial and spinal cavity
brain, spinal cord

Front 23

ventral cavity includes:
What organs are in each cavity?

Back 23

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Thoracic contains the mediastinum(contains heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, and large blood vessels attached to the heart) and the pleural cavity contains the lungs.

Abdominopelvic upper portion abdominal cavity contains stomach, most of the intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys. lower portion pelvic cavity contains remainder of intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and internal parts of reproduction system.

Front 24

divides the body lengthwise into right and left sections.

This division is called?

Back 24

Sagittal plane
midsagittal section

Front 25

divides the body into anterior(ventral) and posterior(dorsal)

what is this also called?

Back 25

frontal plane
Coronal plane

Front 26

divides the body horizontally

when the body or organ is cut horizontally it is called?

Back 26

Transverse plane

cross section

Front 27

most common way to name abdominal locations

Back 27

quadrants and regions

Front 28

a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into simpler form by ordinary chemical reactions.

Back 28

Element

Front 29

smallest unit of an element with that elements chemical characteristics.

Back 29

Atom
composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Front 30

carry a positive charge and located in the nucleus

Back 30

protons

Front 31

carry no charge and are located in the nucleus

Back 31

neutrons

Front 32

carry a negative charge and are located in the shells or orbits surrounding the nucleus

Back 32

electrons

Front 33

transfer of electrons between atoms. donation of electron occurs

Back 33

ionic bond

Front 34

sharing of electrons by the outer shells of the atoms?

Back 34

covalent bond

Front 35

cations, anions and electrolytes

Back 35

positively charged ion

negatively charged ion

substance that forms ions when it is dissolved in water