Anatomy Ch 1-5

Front 1

Name the organs and function of the Integumentary System

Back 1

Organs: skin

Functions: forms external body covering

Protects deep tissue from injury

Helps regulate body temperature

Largest organ system

Front 2

Name the organs and function of the Skeletal System

Back 2

organs: Cartilage, joints, bones

Functions: Protect and support organs

Provides muscle attachment for movement

site of blood cell formation

store lipids and minerals

Front 3

Name the organs and function of the Muscular system

Back 3

Organs: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

Functions: produce movement, maintains posture, produces heat

Front 4

Name the organs and function of the Nervous system

Back 4

Organs: Brain, sensory receptors, spinal cord, nerves

Functions: fast-acting control system, respond to internal and external change, activates muscles and glands, the interface between the internal and external environment

Front 5

Name the organs and function of the Endocrine System

Back 5

organs: pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus gland (only in infants), adrenal gland, prancreas, testis, overies

function: Secrete regulatory hormones

Front 6

Name the organs and function of the Cardiovascular system

Back 6

Organs: heart, blood vessels

Functions: transport materials in the body via blood pumped by the heart (every cell in the body is near a capillary)

Front 7

Name the organs and function of the Lymphatic system

Back 7

Organs: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels

Functions: returns fluid to blood vessels, cleanses the blood, involved in immunity

Front 8

Name the organs and function of the respiratory system

Back 8

Organs: nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchus lungs

Functions: keeps blood supplied with oxygen (for the cells), removes carbon dioxide

Front 9

Name the organs and function of the Digestive system

Back 9

Organs: oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Functions: breaks down food, allows for nutrient absorption into the blood, eliminates indigestible material as feces

Front 10

Name the organs and function of the Urinary system

Back 10

Organs: kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

Functions: excrete nitrogenous waste from the blood, maintains the acid-base balance, regulates the solvent vs solute balance in the blood (urine is not the main function)

Front 11

Name the organs and function of the reproductive system

Back 11

Organs: gonads

Functions: produce offspring

Front 12

Name the steps for mechanism for Response of Homeostatic Imbalance

Back 12

1. Stimulus creates change

2. Receptor (sensory neurons) detect the change

3. Message (input) is sent along the afferent pathway to the control center

4. The control center (brain/spinal cord) receives the message (also referred to as the integrators)

5. The control center sends a message (output) along the efferent pathway to the effector (muscles/glands)

6. The effector responds therefore restoring homeostasis

Front 13

The main function to provide energy

Back 13

Carbohydrates

Front 14

What is the keystone molecule and an example of a monosaccharide?

Back 14

Glucose

Front 15

How many sugar molecules are in oligosaccharides? give an example of one

Back 15

a few

sucrose

Front 16

What are polysaccharides? Give examples

Back 16

complex carbs, many glucose molecules bonded together

starch, cellulose, glycogen(stored in muscles)

Front 17

cellulose makes cell walls in what?

Back 17

Plants

Front 18

What stores energy and is a cell membrane component?

Back 18

Lipids

Front 19

Name 2 lipids with fatty acids

Back 19

Glycerides (fats, oils)

phospholipids

Front 20

Name a lipid with no fatty acids

Back 20

cholesterol (a precursor of vitamin d)

Front 21

What is a protein?

Back 21

Amino acids linked together with peptide bonds, large, complex, and folded in 3d shapes

Front 22

Name 4 amino acids

Back 22

Keratin, Collagen, enzyme, hemoglobin

Front 23

Where is keratin found?

Back 23

hair and nails

Front 24

Where is collagen found?

Back 24

bone and cartilage

Front 25

What is an enzyme?

Back 25

increases the rate of reaction

acts as a biological catalysts

remain unchanged at the end of a reaction so it can be used again

Front 26

What is a hemoglobin?

Back 26

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 27

What is a fibrous protein?

Back 27

tightly wound, stable, also know as structural proteins (collagen, keratin)

Front 28

What is a globular protein?

Back 28

Functions as antibodies or enzymes, can be denatured (its activity can change), also know as functional proteins

Front 29

What is a nucleic acid?

Back 29

5 carbon sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen containing base

Front 30

Give 3 examples of Nucleic acids

Back 30

ATP, DNA, RNA

Front 31

Define ATP

Back 31

adenosine triphosphate

an energy molecule (the energy is held in the chemical bond)

Front 32

Define and describe function of DNA and RNA

Back 32

deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid

storage, transmission, and translation of genetic material

Front 33

Describe the process of photosynthesis

Back 33

6CO2 + 6H20 -(sunlight, chlorophyll)-->C6H12O6(glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen) + 6H20

Front 34

Weare _____ organisms (oxygen based)

Back 34

arobic

Front 35

96% of our body is made from which 4 elements?

Back 35

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Front 36

What happens in synthesis reaction

Back 36

atoms or molecules combine (a+b = ab)

Front 37

What happens in decomposition reaction

Back 37

molecule is broken down (ab= a+b)

Front 38

define hydrolysis

Back 38

polymers are broken down into monomers through the addition of water molecules

Front 39

What are the four organic molecules of life?

Back 39

Carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Front 40

Maintaining an equilibrium of the body is known as what?

Back 40

Homeostasis

Front 41

Define metabolism

Back 41

All chemical reactions in your body

Front 42

Define irritability

Back 42

Ability to react to stimulus

sense and response to stimuli

Front 43

What is the pigment molecule in the process of photosynthesis?

Back 43

chlorophyll

Front 44

a pH of 6 would be considered what?

Back 44

acidic

Front 45

a pH of 7 would be considered what?

Back 45

neutral

Front 46

a pH higher than 7 would be considered what?

Back 46

Base (alkaline)

Front 47

Name the functions of the skeletal system

Back 47

support, movement, protection

Front 48

All of the following are nucleotides in DNA except ... Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

Back 48

uracil (comes in with RNA)

Front 49

"help, help I'm trapped and I can't get out" Which bone cell am I?

Back 49

osteocyte

Front 50

what is the cell that is trapped in the lacuna of the bone matrix?

Back 50

Osteocytes (mature bone cell found in the lacuna)

Front 51

What are the functions of Paranasal sinuses?

Back 51

Give resonance to voice

Amplify voice

Humidify air before it gets to the lungs

Front 52

What is the bone cell that breaks down bone to release more calcium?

Back 52

Osteoclast

Front 53

What does the canaliculi do?

Back 53

Connects everything to the central canal

Front 54

Which cell junction prevents cells from being pulled apart?

Back 54

Desmosomes

Front 55

Which organelle is considered to be the powerhouse of the cell?

Back 55

Mitochondria

Front 56

What carry out protein synthesis in cells?

Back 56

Ribosomes

Front 57

This is a type of diffusion strictly applied to water

Back 57

osmosis

Front 58

True or false: passive transport requires ATP

Back 58

False

Front 59

What is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms?

Back 59

Cell

Front 60

This membrane lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface

Back 60

Mucous membrane

Front 61

Osteoporosis is a bone thinning disease where ______ are more active

Back 61

Osteoclasts

Front 62

What is part of the axial skeleton?

Back 62

Skull

Vertebra column

Bony Thorax (ribs)

Front 63

At what age does a baby's bones fuse together?

Back 63

3

Front 64

What is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts?

Back 64

Anatomy

Front 65

What process requires ATP?

Back 65

Sodium- Potassium Pump

Front 66

How many chromosomes are in gametes (sex cells)?

Back 66

23

Front 67

How many bones are in the human body?

Back 67

VARIABLE (206)

Front 68

What serous membrane touches the organ?

Back 68

Visceral

Front 69

A mature bone cell is called what?

Back 69

Osteocyte

Front 70

Where does transcription occur?

Back 70

The Nucleus

Front 71

Where would you find intracellular fluid?

Back 71

Inside of a cell

Front 72

What does exocytosis do?

Back 72

Remove substances from inside the cell

Front 73

What does endocytosis do?

Back 73

Englf material to bring inside the cell

"cell drinking"

Front 74

What is the connective tissue layer that encases the outside of the diaphysis of a long bone?

Back 74

Periosteum

Front 75

What does mRNA do?

Back 75

Takes protein building instruction from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Front 76

What does tRNA do?

Back 76

Brings codeons to ribosomes that were specificied by mRNA

Front 77

What does rRNA do?

Back 77

(ribosomal)- where amino acids are assembled

Front 78

What is the study of how the body and body parts work/function?

Back 78

Physiology

Front 79

What is the smallest living functional unit of an organism?

Back 79

Tissue

Front 80

Which system provides the external body covering?

Back 80

Integumentary

Front 81

Which system excretes nitrogenous waste, mainttains acid-base balance, and regulates water and electrolytes?

Back 81

Urinary

Front 82

How many chromosomes are found in all other body cells except for the gametes?

Back 82

46

Front 83

Growth means increase in what?

Back 83

cell size and cell number

Front 84

A disturbance of homeostasis resulting in disease is called what?

Back 84

Homeostatic imbalance

Front 85

During the maintenance of homeostasis input is sent to the control center along the _____ pathway

Back 85

Afferent

Front 86

Which feedback machanism to maintain homeostasis works to shut off or reduce the intensity of the stimulus? "thermostat" that brings the body back to normal range

Back 86

Negative feedback

Front 87

Red marrow makes what?

Where is it found?

Back 87

Red blood cells

In the epiphysis in the spongy bone

Front 88

A _____ section would divide my body into anterior and posterior parts

Back 88

Frontal

Front 89

What name refers to a paranasal sinus?

Back 89

Palatine

Front 90

What covers the yellow marrow in a long bone?

Back 90

Endosteum

Front 91

The directional term referring to a part of the body being close to the point of attachment to the body trunk is what?

Back 91

Proximal

Front 92

Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?

Back 92

Dorsal cavity

Front 93

Which process is an example of active transport?

Back 93

Solute pumping

Front 94

Which area of the cell does translation occur?

Back 94

Cytoplasm

Front 95

Where is interstitial fluid found?

Back 95

In between cells

Front 96

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Back 96

7

Front 97

What comes first in protein synthesis?

Back 97

Transcription

Front 98

Hydrolysis is the process of ...?

Back 98

Adding water to take apart a molecule

Front 99

Bones grow in length at the ...?

Back 99

Epiphyseal Plate

Front 100

Osteoclasts do what?

Back 100

Destroy bone

Front 101

Bone remodeling is a cycle of..?

Back 101

Deposits and withdrawals

Front 102

What bone cell is found in the lacuna?

Back 102

Osteocyte

Front 103

In embryos the skeleton system is composed of mainly...?

Back 103

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 104

An abnormal lateral spinal curvature is known as what?

Back 104

Scoliosis

Front 105

Name 5 paranasal sinuses

Back 105

Palatine, ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid, frontal

Front 106

The longest and strongest bone in your body is the...?

Back 106

femur

Front 107

We are _____ based organisms

Back 107

Carbon

Front 108

What does it men when the cell membrane is selectively permeable?

Back 108

Only allows specific molecules to go in and out

Front 109

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Back 109

Modify and package proteins

Front 110

What is the solvent for the human body?

Back 110

Water

Front 111

Which process of membrane transport does not require ATP?

Back 111

Osmosis

Front 112

Mitosis results in

Back 112

Two identical daughter cells

Front 113

What is the process called when a vesicle that gets pinched off from the golgi body empties its contents into the interstitial fluid?

Back 113

Exocytosis (exits) (active transport)

Front 114

What is the protein that you find in bone?

Back 114

Collagen

Front 115

Melanocytes (differ or are the same) from person to person

Back 115

The same

Front 116

Which pigment gives a yellow/orange tint

Back 116

Carotene

Front 117

This is a type of endocytosis that refers to "cell eating"

Back 117

Phagocytosis

Front 118

True or false all cells perform the same function

Back 118

False

Front 119

Gap Junctions allow what?

Back 119

Cells to communicate

Front 120

What does the rough endoplasmic Reticulum do?

Back 120

Modifies proteins

Front 121

______ has their own DNA therefore they can divide themselves

Back 121

Mitochondria

Front 122

What is the difference between a solute and solvents?

Back 122

Solutes dissolved in liquid

Solutes dissolve in solvent

Front 123

Diffusion refers too what?

Back 123

Particles going from high to low concentration

Front 124

What is the purpose of facilitated diffusion?

Back 124

Transport lipid-insoluble large substances

Front 125

What do tRNA transfer?

Back 125

amino acids and acode to the ribosome for the protein

Front 126

What stage of mitosis is DNA duplicated and the cells is prepared for the division?

Back 126

Interphase

Front 127

An example of a cutaneous membrane is the

Back 127

Skin

Front 128

What is the serous membrane referring to the abdominal cavity?

Back 128

Peritoneum

Front 129

Which organ system return fluids to the blood vessels, cleans the blood, and provide immunity?

Back 129

Lymphatic

Front 130

Mitochondria can make how many ATP molecules per one glucose molecule

Back 130

36-38

Front 131

What senses and sends message along the afferent pathway to the control center when maintaining homeostasis

Back 131

Receptor

Front 132

What would you find in a central canal of an osteon?

Back 132

Arteries

Veins

Nerves

Lymphatic vessels

Front 133

Spongy bone is found in the _____of the long bone and helps absorb shock

Back 133

Epiphysis