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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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study of the structure and hsape of the body and body parts and their relationship to one another
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Gross anatomy
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large, easily observable structures
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microscoptic anatomy
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small structures
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Physiology
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study of how the body and its parts work or function
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The relationship between anatomy and physiology is that __.
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structure determines what functions can take place.
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Levels of structural organization
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Atoms and molecules
Cells Tissues Organs Organ system Organism |
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Integumentary system
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skin
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skeletal system
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bones
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muscular system
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muscles
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nervous system
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nerves, brain, spinal cord
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endocrine system
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hormones, glands
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circulatory system inclues ___ and ___.
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cardiovascular system and lymphatic system
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respiratory system
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lungs, trachea
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digestive system
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stomach, esophagus, intestines
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urinary system
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kidney, bladder, urethra
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reproductive system
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ovaries, testes
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What are the necessary Life Functions
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Maintaining boundaries
Movement Responsiveness or irritability Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth |
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Maintaining life boundaries
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deals with keeping things inside and outside the body
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metabolism
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refers to all chemical reactions that occure within body cells
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What are the survival needs?
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Nutrients
Oxygen Water Body temperature Atmospheric pressure |
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Define survival needs
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must be present in appropriate amounts
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Define homeostasis
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Body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in a changing environment
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Receptor
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responds to stimuli and sends message to control center
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Control center
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analyzes and determines response
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Effector
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Provides means for the control center's response
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Most control mechanisms are ___ feedback mechanisms which will shut off or reduce the intensity of the original stimulus
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negative
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What are the homeostatic control mechanisms?
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Receptor
Control center Effector |
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Most diseases or abnormal conditions are the result of _____.
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homeostatic imbalance
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Anatomical position
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body is standing erect with arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward
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Regional terms
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body landmarks
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Directional terms
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Explain exactly where one body part is in relation to another
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Section
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cut
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Plane
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imaginary line for the secion
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Sagittal section
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lengtwise dividing body into left and right parts
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Frontal section
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lengthwise dividing body into anterior and posterior
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Transverse section
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divides body into superior and inferior parts
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Dorsal (posterior) cavity
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subdivided into carnial cavity (brain) and spinal cavity, very well protected by bone
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Ventral cavity
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Subdivided into thoracic cavity (heart, lungs) and abdominopelvic cavity (digestive, urinary, reproductive organs) by the diaphragm, not as well protected as dorsal cavity
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