Anatomy Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Front 1

What circuit of the heart carries carbon dioxide-rich blood from the heart to the gas exchanging surfaces of the lungs? What side of the heart powers this circuit?

Back 1

Pulmonary Circuit
Right Side

Front 2

What circuit of the heart carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body’s tissues? What side of the heart powers this circuit?

Back 2

Systemic Circuit
Left Side

Front 3

The heart is located, in its own cavity, between the lungs. What is the space that contains the hearts cavity as well as large blood vessels, respiratory tubes, and the esophagus called?

Back 3

Mediastinum

Front 4

Describe the position of the heart in the chest.

Back 4

2/3 to the left of midline
*posterior to sternum
*Resting on the diaphragm (the right ventricle lies on the diaphragm)

Front 5

The heart is contained within its own container/wrapper formed by an inner serous layer (parietal pericardium) and an outer fibrous layer (fibrous pericardium). What is the term for this wrapper?

Back 5

Pericardial Sac

Front 6

The heart consists of 3 layers of tissue. Match each to its general description.
Outer layer (visceral pericardium) –
Middle, muscular layer –
Inner layer, continuous with lining of blood vessels –

Back 6

Outer layer (visceral pericardium) – EPICARDIUM
Middle, muscular layer – MYOCARDIUM
Inner layer, continuous with lining of blood vessels – ENDOCARDIUM

Front 7

Cardiac muscle cells are connected by specialized junctions that both tie the cells together (for efficient contraction) and allow ions to pass through (electrical connection for unified contraction). What do we call these specialized junctions?

Back 7

Intercalated Discs

Front 8

The heart has a number of grooves (sulci) on its surface that divide the chambers superficially and contain blood vessels. Match each to its general description.
Between atria and ventricles –
Anteriorly between ventricles –
Posteriorly between ventricles –

Back 8

Between atria and ventricles – CORONARY SULCUS (atrioventricular sulcus)
Anteriorly between ventricles – ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS
Posteriorly between ventricles – POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS

Front 9

Mammals and birds have a 4-chambered heart (independently evolved). What structures separate the left and right portions of each chamber type?
Separates the ventricles –
Separates the atria –
What is the function of the heart

Back 9

Separates the ventricles –INTRAVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
Separates the atria – INTERATRIAL SEPTUM

Front 10

What is the function of the heart valves?

Back 10

To prevent the backflow of blood
*To turn the squeezing of a tube into a one-way flow system

Front 11

What chambers of the heart receive blood from the body?

Back 11

Atria

Front 12

List the 3 vessels that drain into the right atrium.

Back 12

Superior Vena Cava (head)
Inferior Vena Cava (abdomen & legs)
Coronary Sinus (the heart itself)

Front 13

List the vessels that drain into the left atrium.

Back 13

Pulmonary Veins

Front 14

What valves separate the atria from the ventricles? Match each with its location.
Between the L atrium and L ventricle –
Between the R atrium and R ventricle –

Back 14

Between the L atrium and L ventricle – Left Atrioventricular Valve (Bicuspid or Mitral)
Between the R atrium and R ventricle – Right Atrioventricular Valve (tricuspid)

Front 15

What structures attached to the atrioventricular valves and muscles in the ventricles look like white strings?

Back 15

Chordae Tendineae

Front 16

What muscles, found in the ventricles, are attached to Chordae Tendinae and help ensure proper valve function?

Back 16

Papillary Muscles

Front 17

What chambers pump blood through the 2 circuits (to the body or to the lungs)?

Back 17

Ventricles

Front 18

What vessel carries blood from the left ventricle and what valve is found between the chamber and this vessel?

Back 18

*Aorta
*Aortic Semilunar Valve

Front 19

What vessel carries blood from the right ventricle and what valve is found between the chamber and this vessel?

Back 19

*Pulmonary Trunk
*Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Front 20

Describe the status of the valves during ventricular systole (contraction).
Atrioventricular –
Semilunar –

Back 20

Atrioventricular –closed
Semilunar –open

Front 21

Describe the status of the valves during ventricular diastole (relaxation).
Atrioventricular –
Semilunar –

Back 21

Atrioventricular –open
Semilunar –closed

Front 22

What 2 arteries originate at the base of the ascending aorta (just above the cusps of the aortic semilunar valve)?

Back 22

Right Coronary Artery
Left Coronary Artery

Front 23

List the 2 main branches of the L coronary artery. Match each to its description.
Travels left around the heart in the coronary sulcus –
Travels inferiorly in anterior interventricular sulcus –

Back 23

Travels left around the heart in the coronary sulcus – Circumflex Artery
Travels inferiorly in anterior interventricular sulcus – Anterior Interventricular Artery

Front 24

List the 2 main branches of the R coronary artery. Match each to its description.
Travels towards the apex along the anterior right ventricle –
Travels inferiorly in posterior interventricular sulcus

Back 24

Travels towards the apex along the anterior right ventricle –Right Marginal Artery
Travels inferiorly in posterior interventricular sulcus- Posterior Interventricular Artery

Front 25

There are 3 main veins that drain blood from the heart into the coronary sinus. Match each to its description.
In the anterior IV sulcus and L coronary sulcus –
In the posterior IV sulcus –
Along the right ventricle and R coronary sulcus –

Back 25

In the anterior IV sulcus and L coronary sulcus – GREAT CARDIAC VEIN
In the posterior IV sulcus – MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN
Along the right ventricle and R coronary sulcus – SMALL CARDIAC VEIN

Front 26

Why does blood bypass the pulmonary circuit in the fetus and when does this end?

Back 26

*Lungs are collapsed causeing pressure in vessels
*First Breath

Front 27

What do we call the hole in the fetal interatrial septum and what does it become (no longer a hole) after birth?

Back 27

*Foramen Ovale
*Fossa Ovalis