Anatomy - Breast/thorax/lungs

Front 1

the breast lies within which tissue layer?

Back 1

subcutaneous/superficial fascia (between skin and deep fascia)

Front 2

how many lobes are typically present in a breast?

Back 2

15-20

Front 3

what is the name of the structure which drains the lobes of the breast into the nipple?

Back 3

lactiferous duct

Front 4

the lobes of the breast are composed of what?

Back 4

lobules

Front 5

what is the name for the part of the lobes in the breast that only become active during lactation?

Back 5

alveoli

Front 6

the lobular tissue of the breast is supported by fibrous bands called what? To what are these fibrous bands connected?

Back 6

suspensory ligaments; dermis

Front 7

what is the name for the space between the breast tissue and the deep fascia? What does this space permit?

Back 7

retromammary space; movement of the breast over the thoracic wall

Front 8

which quadrant of the breast extends toward the axilla? What is another name for this quadrant?

Back 8

upper outer quadrant; axillary tail of Spence

Front 9

what is the name for the area surrounding the nipple?

Back 9

areola

Front 10

which type of glands does the areola contain?

Back 10

sebaceous

Front 11

which 3 arteries supply the breast with blood?

Back 11

internal thoracic artery, branches of the axillary artery, and intercostal arteries

Front 12

lymphatic drainage from the breast goes where?

Back 12

axillary lymph nodes, parasternal nodes and sometimes into opposite breast

Front 13

which joints identify the two ends of the clavicle?

Back 13

sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular

Front 14

what is another term for the sternal angle?

Back 14

angle of Louis

Front 15

with which costal cartilage does the sternal angle articulate?

Back 15

2nd

Front 16

how many ribs compose the rib cage?

Back 16

12

Front 17

by what is the thoracic cavity separated from the abdominal cavity?

Back 17

diaphragm

Front 18

what is special about the superior part of the abdominal cavity?

Back 18

it is located within the inferior portion of the thoracic cage

Front 19

how many pairs of real ribs are present in the rib cage? False ribs? Floating ribs?

Back 19

7; 5; 2

Front 20

what is the name for the space between ribs?

Back 20

intercostal space

Front 21

how many layers of muscle lie in the intercostal space? What are their names?

Back 21

3; internal intercostal, external intercostal, innermost

Front 22

with what are the lungs covered?

Back 22

simple squamous epitheial membrane and visceral pleura

Front 23

what are the names of the 2 pleurae found in the thoracic cavity? Where is each found?

Back 23

visceral and parietal pleurae; visceral is on surface of lungs, parietal is on internal surface of thoracic cavity (along ribs and intercostal space)

Front 24

what characterizes the space between the two layers of pleura in the thoracic cavity?

Back 24

pleural cavity/space which contains serous fluid (very important clinically)

Front 25

what is the name for the areas where the parietal pleura reflects on the diaphragm and the mediastinum?

Back 25

pleural reflection

Front 26

what is a pleural recess?

Back 26

area at pleural reflection where the two parietal pleural areas are in contact with each other without any intervening lung tissue

Front 27

how many lobes are present in the right lung? The left lung?

Back 27

3; 2

Front 28

what are the names for the fissures of the right and left lungs?

Back 28

right - oblique and horizontal; left - oblique

Front 29

the upper lobes lie __________ and _____________ to and the lower lobes ________ and __________ to the diagonal oblique fissures.

Back 29

superior; anterior; inferior; posterior

Front 30

the middle lobe of the right lung lies __________ and __________ between the oblique and horizontal fissures

Back 30

lateral; anterior

Front 31

what is the name for the subdivision of the lung lobes?

Back 31

segments

Front 32

the trachea branches into what?

Back 32

main bronchus

Front 33

the main bronchi divide into what?

Back 33

lobar bronchi

Front 34

the lobar bronchi in each respective lobe branch into what?

Back 34

segmental bronchi

Front 35

pulmonary arteries travel where in the lungs?

Back 35

alongside the bronchi into each lung segment

Front 36

where do the pulmonary veins travel in the lungs?

Back 36

between adjacent lung segments, draining both

Front 37

what is the role of bronchial arteries? From where do they branch?

Back 37

supply the bronchi and supporting structures with blood; aorta

Front 38

which, inspiration or expiration, is caused by the contraction of the diaphragm?

Back 38

inspiration

Front 39

the intercostal muscles move the ribs __________ and ___________ upon inspiration?

Back 39

lateral; anterior

Front 40

is expiration passive or active?

Back 40

passive

Front 41

in expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, moving superiorly or inferiorly?

Back 41

superiorly

Front 42

what is responsible for expeling air out of the lungs?

Back 42

inherent elasticity of the lung tissue itself

Front 43

forced expirations (coughing, etc) require which muscles?

Back 43

abdominal wall musculature

Front 44

what is the term for the lines running down the body of the female along which nipples or breast tissue may occur?

Back 44

milk lines

Front 45

what is the role of the sebaceous glands of the breast?

Back 45

to secrete protective lubricant during lactation

Front 46

what is the name for the area of tissue supplied by one duct?

Back 46

lobe

Front 47

what is the name for the area of the duct near the nipple where milk is kept?

Back 47

lactiferous sinus

Front 48

what morphology of suspensory ligaments of Cooper is often seen in breast cancer patients?

Back 48

pitting

Front 49

what is the main constituent of the breast?

Back 49

fat

Front 50

what is the term used for the ribs swinging up? For the sternum moving forward?

Back 50

bucket handle; pump handle

Front 51

ribs articulate with which vertebrae?

Back 51

that of the same rib and the one above (superior and inferior demi-facet)

Front 52

if going into the intercostal space, where should one focus the needle?

Back 52

just superior to the rib

Front 53

do the lungs stop at the clavicle?

Back 53

no, part of the lungs extend above the clavicle (important for stab wounds in that area)

Front 54

what is a pneumothorax?

Back 54

where there is air present in the pleural space

Front 55

when you inspire, do you create positive or negative pressure in the pleural space?

Back 55

negative

Front 56

what is the name for the only location where things can enter and leave the lung?

Back 56

root, hilum

Front 57

the thoracic duct is responsible for lymph drainage on which side?

Back 57

left

Front 58

intercostal nerves and arteries pass between which layers of muscle in the intercostal space?

Back 58

internal intercostal and innermost

Front 59

anterior intercostal arteries are branches of which artery?

Back 59

internal thoracic

Front 60

on which lung is the lingula located?

Back 60

left