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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Axial |
>Skull, vertebrae, rib cage, and hyoid bone >Scaffold of the body |
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Appendicular |
>Limbs, Scapula, Clavicle, and Pelvis >Enables movement |
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Long bones |
>Hollow, filled with marrow and longer than they are wide >support weight and facilitate movement Ex: femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, phlanges, humerous, radius, and metacarpals |
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Short bones |
>Wider than long >Provide stability and some movement Ex: carpals and tarsals |
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Flat bone |
>Provides protection to internal organs >Areas of attachment for muscles
Ex: sternum, ribs, pelvis, skull bones, scapulae |
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Irregular bones |
>Vary in shape and structure
Ex: vertebrae and many facial bones |
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Ligaments |
Connects bone to bone at joints |
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Synovial joints |
Include ball and socket, hinge , and pivot joints |
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Fibrous Joints |
Held together by ligaments and are not movable. Ex: bones in the skull |
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Cartilaginous Joints |
When two bones meet at a connection made of catilage and are partially movable, such a joints between vertebrae in the spine |
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Arthritis |
Developes when cartilage between joints break down over time or as a result of joint inflamation |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis |
An autoimmune disease is cause by immune cells attacking the cartilage or joint lining, leading to bone erosion and pain |
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Tendons |
fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
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Spongy bones |
Contains bone marrow which is the site of RBC and lymphocyte production |
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Compact bone |
Dense supports the body and stores calcium provides protection and strength to bones |
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Diaphysis |
Cylindircal shaft of long bones |
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Epiphysis |
Ends of long bones |
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Epiphyseal plate |
Site for new bone growth |
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Periosteum |
A fibrous sheath, that surrounds and protects the bone During growth and development it contributes to bone elongation and modeling, and when the bone is injured, participates in its recovery |
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Osteoblasts |
Build bone |
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Osteoclasts |
Bone breaking |
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Osteon |
Where bone is sythesiszed Cylindrical structures that contain a mineral matrix and living osteocytes |
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Lamellae |
Concentric, cylindrical layers of the osteon made of a mineralized matrix ( compact bone tissue), that surround the haversian canal |
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Haversian canals (ostenic canal or central canal) |
runs down the center of each osteon and contain blood vessels that provide nutrients to the bones cells |
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Volkmann Canals (perforating holes or channels) |
Connects the haversian canals Provides energy and nourishing elements for osteons. |
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Lacunae |
Provide a habitat for bone cells |
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Canaliculi |
Connect the lucunae to enable cellular communication |
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Osteoporosis |
Loss in bone mineral density from lack of calcium and vitamin D in the body or aging When new bone creation doesn't keep up with old bone removal. |
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta (brittle bone disease) |
>Genetic >when insufficient or defective collage is produced making bones fragile and easy to break |
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Osteoarthritis |
A degenerative joint disease characterized by loss of cushioning cartilage occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down. |
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Ossification |
the process of transforming cartilage into bone tissue, increasing bone mass |
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Demineralization |
The decrease in mechanical stress can cause this because mechanical stress induces bone growth |
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Muscle Atrophy |
When muscle wastes away, commonly caused by lack of physical activity |
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Canaliculi |
Routes nutrients to osteocytes and expels waste products |
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sesamoid bone |
a small, round bone purpose is to reinforce and decrease stress on that tendon
Ex: patellae |
