Anatomy: Block Iii: Pelvis, Perinium, And Lower Extremity

Front 1

what is the latin word for "ashamed" or "to be shamed"?

Back 1

pudendal

Front 2

what separates the pelvis from the perinium?

Back 2

pelvic diaphragm

Front 3

what is the floor of the pelvis made up of?

Back 3

the coccygeal and levator ani muscles (the pelvic diaphragm)

Front 4

what is it called when the perineal body tears during childbirth, causing a weakening of the support of the pelvic structure, possibly causing prolapse later on?

Back 4

episiotomy

Front 5

name some homologous structures of males/females?

Back 5

labia mjora, scrotal sac; glans of the clitoris, glans of the penis; shaft/body of penis, body of clitoris; prefuse/foreskin of penis, same of clitoris

Front 6

what does the superficial perineal pouch contain in the female? male?

Back 6

female - labia majora, labia minora, clitoris and associated structures, openings of the vagina and urethra
male - scrotal sac, penis, crus of penis (attached part of corpus cavernosum), bulb of penis, glans of penis, and perinial body

Front 7

what is the name of the fascia that is continuous with Scarpa's fascia laterlly as you extend around the anterior abdominal wall?

Back 7

Colle's fascia

Front 8

what does the deep perineal pouch contain in the male?

Back 8

membranous urethra, bulbourethral gland, external urethral sphincter, deep transverse perineal muscle

Front 9

do the fibers of the bulbospongiosus muscle in the male cross over? what about the female?

Back 9

yes, no

Front 10

what separates the superficial pouch from the deep perineal pouch?

Back 10

the perineal membrane

Front 11

what does the corpus spongiosum make up in the male? female?

Back 11

bulb of the penis, glans of the penis, bulb of the vestibule

Front 12

what does the corpus cavernosum make up in the male? female?

Back 12

crus of the penis, crus of the clitoris

Front 13

what is the name of the deep investing fascia that surrounds the corpus spongiosum in the male?

Back 13

Buck's fascia

Front 14

what is another name for the deep perineal pouch?

Back 14

the urogenital diaphragm

Front 15

what 2 arteries does the perineal artery divide into?

Back 15

1- posterior scrotal/labial branches (superficial)
2- dorsal artery of the penis/clitoris (deep)

Front 16

is the pudendal nerve somatic or autonomic? what fibers does it arise from? what does it allow for?

Back 16

somatic (sensation), ventral anterior rami of S2, S3, S4, allows for sensation for external genitalia

Front 17

what 4 things pass through the pudendal canal?

Back 17

internal pudendal artery and nerve, internal pudendal vein, nerve to the obturator internus muscle

Front 18

how is a pudendal nerve block performed?

Back 18

spines of ischium are palpated through the wall of the vagina and then a needle is passed towards that and anesthetics are injected

Front 19

what kind of nerves are responsible for the erectile tissue of both sexes to engorge and retain blood? where do these nerves come from?

Back 19

parasympathetics, S2, S3, S4

Front 20

what is the name for the very coiled arteries that are present in erectile tissue?

Back 20

helicines

Front 21

what is the internal anal sphincter innervated by? external?

Back 21

pelvic sympathetics and parasympathetics, somatic nerves

Front 22

what separates the false pelvis from the true pelvis?

Back 22

the pelvic brim

Front 23

what is the male subpubic angle? female?

Back 23

60 degrees, up to 120 degrees

Front 24

what is the usual distance between the ischial spines? what is considered too small for vaginal birth?

Back 24

10.5 cm, 9-9.5 cm

Front 25

where is conjugate diameter of the pelvis measured? what about the AP diameter?

Back 25

C - superior aspect of the pubic symphisis to the sacral promontory
AP - inferior aspect of the pubic symphisis to the coccyx

Front 26

what is one of the most frequently fractured sites of the oxycoccxy?

Back 26

the ischio-pubic ramus

Front 27

how are the 2 spinous ligaments related to each other?

Back 27

the sacrospinous ligament is anterior/medial to the sacrotuberous ligament

Front 28

the sacral plexus is formed on the surface of what muscle?

Back 28

piriformis

Front 29

where does the obturator internis insert?

Back 29

the tendon passes at a 90 degree angle through the lesser sciatic foramen to attach posteriorly to the greater trochanter

Front 30

what muscle almost fills the greater sciatic foramen?

Back 30

piriformis

Front 31

what muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?

Back 31

coccygeus (ischial coccygeus) and levator ani (made of pubococcygeous and iliococcygeous)

Front 32

what is the name of the thickened part of the obturator internis?

Back 32

the tendonous arc of the levator ani

Front 33

what are the 3 types of fibers of the pubococcygeous? which one is most medial and anterior?

Back 33

pubourethralis, pubovaginalis, and puborectalis (most medial and anterior)

Front 34

what is the most inferior portion of the male peritoneal cavity?

Back 34

rectal vesicle pouch

Front 35

what is the name for excess liquid in the peritoneal cavity?

Back 35

ascites

Front 36

what are the 2 pouches in the female? which one is more inferior? which one can be used to test for ectopic pregnancy?

Back 36

rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas or cul-de-sac) - more inferior and used to test for ectopic pregnancy
vesicouterine pouch

Front 37

what are the 4 parts of the broad ligament? which one is the largest part?

Back 37

infundibulopelvic lig (suspensory lig of the ovary), mesoovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium (largest part)

Front 38

what procedure can prevent fertilization by cutting the fallopian tube?

Back 38

salpyxectomy

Front 39

what is the name of the condensation of fascia at the inferior aspect of the mesometrium? what is located in it?

Back 39

the cardinal ligament, uterine artery and ureter

Front 40

what are 3 thickenings (ligaments) of visceral pelvic fascia? which one is most important in the suspension of the uterus?

Back 40

pubovesical lig, pubocervical lig, and lateral cervical lig (aka, lig of McEnroe, cardinal lig) - this one is 90% of the ligamentous support of the uterus
- there is also a uterosacral lig

Front 41

what is the equivalent of the subocervial lig of the female in the male? what do these ligs do?

Back 41

puboprostatic lig, these ligs limit the retropubic space

Front 42

what is the name of the instance when the anterior wall of the vagina is weakened and the posterior wall of the base of the bladder pushes on it and you can see the bladder wall extending through the vagina?

Back 42

cystocele

Front 43

what part of the uterus is the cervix?

Back 43

lower 1/3

Front 44

what % of women have a retroverted uterus?

Back 44

20