Anatomy Block 3

Front 1

Autonomic NS has three subdivisions - what are they?

Back 1

Enteric, Sympathetic, Parasympathetic.

Front 2

The ANS innervates organ systems and other visceral elements in the peripheral regions of the body...that's a fact. But what is it concerned with detecting and responding to?

Back 2

The internal environment.

Front 3

In a sympathetic NS response, there is an overall ? of the circulation to the viscera to divert blood to?

Back 3

In a sympathetic NS response, there is an overall VASOCONSTRICTION of the circulation to the viscera to divert blood to the SKELETAL MUSCLE.

Front 4

The Parasympathetic system is also called the ___ bc it is located between ___?The Sympathetic NS is also called the ___ bc it is located between ___?

Back 4

The Parasympathetic system is also called the CRANIOSACRAL bc it originates in the BRAIN/STEM and SACRAL REGION located between S2, 3, 4? The Sympathetic NS is also called the THORACOLUMBAR bc it is located between T1 to L2?

Front 5

All of the S nerves come out of the spinal cord before moving into the ___ and their associated ____.

Back 5

All of the S nerves come out of the spinal cord before moving into the sympathetic chain and their associated ganglia.

Front 6

What is GSA and what do they transmit?

Back 6

General Somatic Afferent: Transmit pain, temp, touch and proprioception

Front 7

What is GSE and what do they transmit?

Back 7

General Somatic Efferent: carry motor impulses to skeletal muscles of the body.

Front 8

What is GVA and what do they transmit?

Back 8

General Visceral Afferent - sensory impulses from visceral organs to the CNS

Front 9

What are GVE and what do they transmit?

Back 9

General Visceral Efferent: transmit motor impulses to smooth and cardiac mm & glands.

Front 10

The SNS and PNS are similar in that they both have a 2 neuron chain. The cell body of the first neuron is in the ? The cell body of the 2nd is in the ?

Back 10

1st cell body is in the CNS
2nd cell body is in the PNS

Front 11

Describe the preganglionic neuron in terms of where its cell body and fiber lies and whether or not the fiber is myelinated.

Back 11

The preganglionic neuron has its cell body in the CNS and the fiber runs out of the CNS to the ganglion. It is myelinated

Front 12

Describe the postganglion in terms of where its cell is in the body and whether or not it is myelinated.

Back 12

The cell body is in the PNS and it is unmyelinated.

Front 13

As an example, describe how a SNS signal could reach its target organ.

Back 13

Signal would originate from the cell body in the spinal cord (CNS), travel out of the ventral root as a preganglionic fiber, through the spinal nerve, to a autonomic ganglion where it encounters a postganglionic cell body. It would continue on from there along its postganglionic figer to the target organ.

Front 14

The cell bodies of the Para NS reside these seven regions:

Back 14

CN III, VII, IX, X and S2, 3 and 4.

Front 15

What cranial nerve supplies all of the parasympathetics to the thorax and abdominal viscera from foregut to the first 2/3 of the hindgut?

Back 15

Cranial nerve X or Vagus n.

Front 16

What are the parasympathetic nerves that supply the latter 1/3 of the hind gut, rectum, bladder and gonads and genitals?

Back 16

Sacral spinal cord nn S2, 3 and 4.

Front 17

In the sympathetic NS, where do the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons reside? What is this location called (there are two synonyms)?

Back 17

The Intermediolateral Cell Column AKA Lateral Horn

Front 18

Unlike the parasympathetic n, the sympathetic preganglia are ? and the postganglia are ? What does this mean in terms of their function?

Back 18

The sympathetic nn have a short preganglion and a long postganlion fibers. This allows them to affect a variety of organs - the para is much more precise bc they synapse practically right at the target tissue.

Front 19

Where is the sympathetic chain located? What is it the location of?

Back 19

It is located bilaterally along the length of the spinal column. It is the location of postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies.

Front 20

Describe how a signal would travel through the sympathetic NS.

Back 20

It would originate in the lateral horn of the spinal cord - its peripheral process would would exit the spinal cord via the ventral root and track along the spinal nerve. It would then track along the white rami communicantes to the postganglion chain and back through the gray rami.

Front 21

Beware that the sympathetic can ascend or descend along the chain ganglion before synapsing with a post ganglion fiber at a different level.

Back 21

Beware that the sympathetic can ascend or descend along the chain ganglion before synapsing with a post ganglion fiber at a different level.

Front 22

What's up with the splanchnic nerves? What are they and what's unique about them>

Back 22

They are a collection of sympathetic fibers that pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing and travel to prevertebral ganglia (celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric)

Front 23

What kind of nn is this? How do you know this?

Back 23

Splanchnic. Bc it does not synapse in the chain ganglion - it simply passes through it.

Front 24

Note this image and all the ways a sympathetic n can travel. Summarize the four ways.

Back 24

1. Pre/Post synapse at same level
2. Pre/Post synapse above origin
3. Pre/Post synapse below origin
4. Splanchnic that bypass gray rami and straight to target

Front 25

The greater splanchnic n spans T? to T? and supply mostly ? and a bit of ?

Back 25

The greater splanchnic n spans T5 to T9 and supply mostly celiac ganglion going to the foregut and a few fibers that supply the Superior Mesenteric Ganglion and the distal organs.

Front 26

Beware that a Lesser Splanchnic N spans T10 to 11 and the Least Splanchnic spans T12. His discussion is a little confusing and I'm not sure what these nn supply

Back 26

Beware that a Lesser Splanchnic N spans T10 to 11 and the Least Splanchnic spans T12. His discussion is a little confusing and I'm not sure what these nn supply

Front 27

The splanchnic nn do not relay in the sympathetic chain ganglion but they need to do that somewhere. Where do they do this?

Back 27

They relay in the Celiac, Superior Mesenteric, and Inferior Mesenteric ganglia (or plexus).

Front 28

The vagus n and pelvic splanchnic nn are all part of which autonomic NS?

Back 28

Parasympathetic.

Front 29

At what levels would expect to see white rami communicantes? What about grey?

Back 29

White = T1 thru L2
Grey = all levels

Front 30

Sacral splanchnic nerves originate from where?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves originate from where?

Back 30

Sacral originate from the sympathetic chain.
Pelvic originate from the parasympathetic S2, 3, 4 (ventral primary rami)

Front 31

He said that the parasympathetic afferents do not serve as pain fibers but there are a few exceptions. He wants us to know them!

Back 31

He said that the parasympathetic afferents do not serve as pain fibers but there are a few exceptions. He wants us to know them!

Front 32

Which autonomic nerve fibers transmit pain? Which one transmit feedback from organs such as "stretching"?

Back 32

The sympathetic afferents transmit pain. Parasympathetic transmit feedback.

Front 33

Referred pain is always relative to where which autonomic nerve fibers originate from? For example, if you are having a heart attack, where would you feel pain? Why here?

Back 33

Where the sympathetic Efferents originate prior to tracking to a particular organ. Since sympathetic efferents that control heart originate from T1 to T5. During heart attack, you have sympathetic afferents that track back to T1 to T5 - this is brachial plexus are and therefore you feel pain in shoulder that radiates down arm.

Front 34

Beware that the inferior hypogastric plexus is a mixture of sympathetic and parasympathetic

Back 34

w

Front 35

If a pt has a stomach ulcer that is affecting the phrenic nerve, where might he feel pain? Why?

Back 35

In the shoulder region. Bc the phrenic nn originate from T3, 4, and 5. The sympathetic afferent nn track back to this same region and signal shoulder pain.

Front 36

A spinal block via lumbar puncture will block nn function where? Why is it not preferred in chiald birth?

Back 36

Spinal block blocks everything - afferents and motor neurons. Woman feels nothing but has no control over anything.

Front 37

How does epideral work? Why is it a preferred method of anesthetic?

Back 37

It does not penetrate the dura mater and anesthetizes locally. Since the duramater is continuous with dorsal and ventral roots, will affect those particular nn. and leave the more distal nn, such as motor neurons for legs, intact.