Anat Block 1 Funct/formation/bone Types

Front 1

Define: Axial skeleton (one division of the skeletal system)

Back 1

Bones of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, sternum, hyoid and ears (80 bones).

Front 2

Define: Appendicular skeleton (one division of skeletal system)

Back 2

Bones of the upper and lower extremeities. (126 bones)

Front 3

Name five functions of the skeleton

Back 3

1) Forms framework of human body
2) Is a means of attachment for muscles
3) Protects vital organs
4) Bone marrow and cell formation
5) Mineral storage

Front 4

Define: erythropoiesis

Back 4

Formation of red blood cells (accomplished by bone marrow)

Front 5

Where is erythropoietic marrow found?

Back 5

Hip bones
proximal ends of thigh/arm bones
bones of the skull
vertebrae
sternum

Front 6

What is the function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?

Back 6

Carry oxygen from lungs to rest of body
Return carbon dioxide/other wastes

Front 7

What is the function of white blood cells (leukocytes)?

Back 7

Fight infections and support immune system.

Front 8

Name types of white blood cells

Back 8

lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
neutrophils (granulocytes)

Front 9

Define: Bone cells

Back 9

Cells the body has programmed to create bones.

Front 10

Immature bone

Back 10

The first formation of bone

Front 11

Mature bone

Back 11

Bone that has ossified and calcified

Front 12

Ossification

Back 12

Bone formation

Front 13

Osteoblasts

Back 13

Bone-forming cells that secrete a matrix which becomes calcified

Front 14

Osteoclasts

Back 14

Large multinucleated cells that reabsorb bone matrix

Front 15

Osteocytes

Back 15

Former osteoblasts that are surrounded by bone matrix and have calcified

Front 16

Bone Types
canaliculi

Back 16

The narrow channels through which the osteocytes extend

Front 17

Bone Types
cancellous bone

Back 17

Spongy structure (bone tissue - 20% of bone)

Front 18

Bone Types
cortical (compact) bone

Back 18

Har layer that generally makes up the outer surface of bones. (80% of bone)

Front 19

Bone Types
lacunae

Back 19

Small cavities containing mature bone cells.

Front 20

Bone Types
osteocytes

Back 20

Mature bone cells

Front 21

Bone Types
Long bones

Back 21

Length is greater than their width

Front 22

Bone Types
Short bones

Back 22

Shaped like cubes and found in ankle and wrisst (carpus/tarsus)

Front 23

Bone Types
Flat bones

Back 23

Found in cranial vault, sternum, shoulder blades, ribs. Made up of marrow btw 2 layers of compact bone.

Front 24

Bone Types
Irregular bones

Back 24

Mix of irregularly shaped bones. Found in face, spinal column, hips.

Front 25

Bone Types
Sesamoid bones

Back 25

Rounded masses embedded in certain tendons. Kneecap, metacarpophalangeal/hands, metatarsophalangeal/toes.

Front 26

Bone Types
Wormian bones

Back 26

Small bones found btw suture lines of the skull where edges of skull bones join.

Front 27

Bone Markings
Foramen

Back 27

Opening or hole in the bone

Front 28

Bone Markings
Sinuses

Back 28

Cavities inside a bone

Front 29

Bone Markings
Head

Back 29

Rounded end of a long bone

Front 30

Bone Markings
Tubercle

Back 30

Small rounded projections

Front 31

Bone Markings
Fossa/groove/pit

Back 31

Indentation of a bone also called depression

Front 32

Bone Markings
Condyles/epicondyles

Back 32

Rounded bone projections

Front 33

Bone Markings
Neck

Back 33

Constricted end of a long bone before the head

Front 34

Bone Markings
Canal/meatus

Back 34

Long or deep hole in a bone

Front 35

Bone Markings
Facets

Back 35

Small, smooth and flat areas

Front 36

Bone Markings
Tuberosity

Back 36

Large rounded projection