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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 basic parts of a neuron?
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- dendrites
- perikaryon - axon - telodendria |
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what type of potential is elicited in the dendrite? the axon?
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dendrite - electrotonic (graded potential)
axon - saltatory (spiking - action potential) |
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what is the function of the dendritic portion of a neuron?
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integrate all input from connected neurons - graded potential
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what is the function of the perikaryon?
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- metabolic processes
- genetics |
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what is the function of the axon?
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action potentials - propagate information over long distances
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what is the function of the telodendria?
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synaptic contact (communication)
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the membrane of the cell body is
a - permeable to ions b - selectively permeable c - impermeable |
b - selectively permeable
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membrane resting potential is dependent upon the concentration of?
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K+
K+ channels are the only open channels in resting state |
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why is the interior of the cell body negatively charged?
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presence of many Cl- ions
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Depolarization occurs when?
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Na+ channels are opened
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When Cl- channels open, this is _____________.
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Hyperpolarization
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In dendrites, membrane polarization occurs by electrotonic conduction. What is the major disadvantage of this mechanism?
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loss of information over long distances
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Saltatory conduction is elicited in axons. How is this different than the dendritic conduction?
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can elicit info over long distances without much loss
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what are the two types of electrical integration?
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temporal - summation of signal because signals are close enough in time
spatial - summation as a result of close proximity of one synapse to another on the dendritic tree |
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what are two types of synapses? which is more common?
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chemical and electrical
chemical is more common |
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what do the pre and post synaptic membranes contain?
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pre-synaptic membrane - vesicles containing neurotransmitter - merge when membrane is depolarized
post-synaptic membrane - receptors for the neurotransmitter |
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where is the neurotransmitter synthesized? stored?
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produced in the cell body (perikaryon)
stored in vesicles |
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what are two types of post synaptic receptors? briefly describe each
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ionotropic - transmitter binds directly to the channel (channel IS the receptor)
metabotropic - transmitter binds to receptor - activated G-proteins - indirectly opens channel |
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What are three types of glial cells? what are their functions?
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astrocytes - main interface between blood vessels and neurons (BBB and BRB)
oligodendrocytes - form myelin sheets around axons microglia - maintain ionic environment and macrophage action |
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what are the parts of the brain associated with the human visual system?
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telencephalon
diencephalon mesencephalon |
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Name the main parts of the visual system
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eyeball - optical apparatus
optic nerve optic chiasm subcortical relay superior colliculus visual cortex |
