Anatomy - Back 3

Front 1

dura mater

Back 1

-thick covering over spinal cord & brain

Front 2

spinal cord

Back 2

-only occupies 2/3 of vertebral column
-from medulla oblongata of brain stem
-to L1-2 intervertebral disc level

Front 3

conus medullaris

Back 3

-cone shaped structure at the end of the spinal cord

Front 4

cauda equina

Back 4

-collection of dorsal and ventral roots heading inferiorly
-inferior to conus medullaris

Front 5

dural sac

Back 5

-covers spinal cord & cauda equina
-ends at S2 level of vertebral column

Front 6

meninges

Back 6

-dura mater
-arachnoid mater
-pia mater

Front 7

arachnoid mater

Back 7

-intermediate meninge
-has subarachnoid space with CSF

Front 8

subarachnoid space

Back 8

contains cerebrospinal fluid

Front 9

subdural space

Back 9

-not supposed to have anything in it
-sometimes hemotomas form there causing damage

Front 10

pia mater

Back 10

-thin layer
-intimately invests blood vesels, dorsal & ventral roots, and the entire surface of the spinal cord & brain

Front 11

denticulate ligaments

Back 11

-specialized regions of pia mater
-located midway between each set of dorsal and
ventral rootlets
-typically found only above the T12 level of the vertebral column

Front 12

filum terminale - interna

Back 12

-pia mater tapers into string at conus medullaris
-lies among the caudal dorsal & ventral nerve roots which form the cauda equina

Front 13

filum terminale - externa

Back 13

-at S2 level, the string of pia mater (filum terminale interna) becomes invested with dura mater & continues inferiorly
-anchors to sacral hiatus bone

Front 14

epidural anethesia

Back 14

-administered to space outside lower dural sac (epidural space)
-below S2
-typically needle is inserted through sacral hiatus
-affect nerves S2-Cox1

Front 15

lumbar puncture (spinal tap)

Back 15

-typicaly done between L3-4 or L4-5 vertebrate
-done to remove a sample of CSF from the subarachnoid space for a variety of clinical tests

Front 16

spinal anesthesia

Back 16

-anesthesia administered into the CSF at the L3-4 or L4-5 vertebral junctions

Front 17

lumbar myelogram

Back 17

-obtained by injecting a radio-opaque contrast medium into the subarachnoid space
-either x-ray or MRI (more current) taken

Front 18

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Back 18

innervate back

Front 19

spinal cord segment

Back 19

-portion of spinal cord which gives rise to a pair of ventral roots and receives a pair of dorsal roots

Front 20

white matter

Back 20

-outer portion of spinal cord
-inner portion of brain
-contains ascending & descenfing axons
-usually myelinated

Front 21

grey matter

Back 21

-inner portion of spinal cord
-outer portion of brain
-contains neuron cell bodies

Front 22

dermatomes

Back 22

-sensory map of the body which relates to specific spinal nerves

Front 23

vertebral arteries

Back 23

-pass through transverse foramen
-ascends to form basilar artery
-vertebral artery also branches off to form posterior spinal arteries & anterior spinal arteries

Front 24

greater anterior segmental medullar artery

Back 24

-one of segmental feeder arteries
-branches from inferior intercostal artery
-contributes substantially to anterior spinal artery

Front 25

radicular & segmental arteries

Back 25

-contribute to spinal cord arterial tree at all levels

Front 26

direct injury to spinal cord

Back 26

-penetrating injury such as stab wound or gunshot
-when dura mater is compromised --> called open injury

Front 27

indirect injury

Back 27

-typically closed injuries
-hyperflexion injury --> falls, diving
-crush injuries --> being pinned under collapsing structure or overturned car
-hyperextesnion injury --> whip lash --> can result from inward buckling or bulging of ligamenta flava

Front 28

paraplegia

Back 28

-injury to spinal cord below T1
-preserves use of arms

Front 29

after a spinal cord injury (SCI)

Back 29

-voluntary motor function will be lost at all levels below injury