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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many bones does the upper limb have?
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32
1. The pectoral girdle (2 bones) 2. The free part (30 bones) |
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What does the pectoral girdle consist of?
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clavicle and scapula
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What are the parts of the clavicle and some characteristics of it?
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most frequently broken bone in body
weakest at junction of two curves, most breaks in middle of clavicle sternal end - sternoclavicular joint acromial end - acromioclavicular joint conoid tubercle - coracoclavicular joint |
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What are the parts of the scapula?
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Spine - large process on posterior of scapula that ends laterally as acromion
Acromion (most superior) - flattened lateral portion of spine Coracoid Process - protruding projection on anterior surface Glenoid cavity (articulates with humerus) Subscapular fossa - anterior cavity where subscapularis muscle attach infra/supraspinous fossa - posterior cavity with supraspinatus and infraspinatus mm attachment |
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What are the parts of the humerus?
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greater tubercle - lies laterally
lesser tubercle - lies more anteriorly deltoid tuberosity - where deltoid tendons attach capitulum - round knob-like process on lateral distal humerus trochlea - medial to capitulum, spool shaped on distal humerus |
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What are the coronoid and Olecranon Fossa?
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both on humerus
Coronoid fossa - anterior depression that recieves coronoid process of ulna during forearm flexion Olecranon fossa - posterior projection that recieves olecranon of ulna during forearm extension |
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What are the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus?
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bony projections to which the forearm muscles attach
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What are the parts of the ulna?
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longer of two forearm bones, medial to radius
Olecranon - "tip of your elbow" Coronoid Process - anterior "lip" of proximal ulna Trochlear Notch - recieves trocheal of humerus during elbow flexion Styloid process - thin cylindrical projection on posterior side of ulna's head |
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What are the parts of the radius?
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Lateral to ulna, thumb side
head - articulates with capitulum of humerus and radial notch of ulna radial tuberosity - attachment site for biceps brachii muscle styloid process - on lateral side |
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What are the carpal bones and some distinct characteristics?
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Proximal - scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
distal - trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate capitate is largest scaphoid is most commonly fractured |
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What is the carpal tunnel?
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space between carpal bones and flexor retinaculum
flexor tendons and median nerve go through it carpal bones are bridged by transverse carpal ligament |
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What are the parts of the metacarpals and the phalanges?
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Metacarpals:
base shaft head Phalanges proximal, middle, and distal no middle for thumb (pollex) |
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What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
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narrowing of carpal tunnel due to inflammation
can cause vulnerability of median nerve |
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What is the pelvic girdle and what does it consist of?
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supports visceral organs and attaches lower limbs to the spine
ilium, ischium, pubis |
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What is the bony pelvis?
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deep, basin-like structure formed by the coxal bones, sacrum, and coccyx
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What are the coxal bones?
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ilium, ischium, pubis (by age 23)
acetabulum: deep hemispherical socket on lateral pelvic surface |
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What are the parts of the ilium?
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largest and most superior
articulates with sacram to form SI joint Superior border - iliac crest which ends anteriorly in a blunt anterior superior iliac spine Greater Sciatic Notch - allows passage of sciatic nerve posterior, anterior, inferior gluteal line - gluteal muscles attach here |
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What is a hip pointer?
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bruising of the anterior superior iliac spine during body contact sports
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What are the parts of the ischium?
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inferior and posterior part of spine
body and ramus - fuses with pubis ischial tuberosities - strongest part of hip bone, part that meets with chair when you sit obturator foramen - ramus and publis surround it, largest in skeleton anteriorly joins pubis |
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Differences between Pectoral Girdle and Pelvic Girdle
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Pectoral:
does not directly articulate with vertebral column sockets are shallow and maximize movement structure offers more mobility than strength Pelvic: does articulate via sacroiliac joint sockets are deep and allow less movement structure offers more strength than mobility |
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what are the parts of the pubis?
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inferior, anterior part of hip bone
pubic symphysis - two pubic bones joined by disc of fibrocartilage relaxin - hormone that increases flexibility of the pubic symphysis to ease delivery of baby |
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What is the acetabulum?
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ilium, ischium, and pubis
together with femoral head makes hip joint acetabular notch - foramen through which blood vessels and nerves pass |
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What is the pelvic brim?
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line from the sacral promontory to the upper part of the pubic symphysis
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What are the true and false pelves?
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False - lies above line, contains no pelvic organs except urinary bladder and uterus during pregnancy
True - inferior to pelvic brim, has pelvic inlet, outlet, and cavity |
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What is the pelvic axis?
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imaginary line indicating path baby's head takes as it leaves pelvis
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Differences between male and female pelves
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Male:
heavy and thick false pelvis is deep smaller and heart shaped pelvic brim large acetabulum that faces laterally obturator foramen is round pubic arch is less than 90 female: light and thin false pevis is shallow pelvic brim is large and more oval small acetabulum that faces anteriorly oval shaped obturator foramen pubic arch > 90 degrees |
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What are characteristics of the femur?
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longest, heaviest, and strongest bone of body
neck - common site of fracture medial and lateral condyles - distally articulate with condyles of tibia forming knee joint also articulates with patella at patellar surface on anterior side |
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What are the parts of the femur?
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Greater and lesser Trochanter - projections where large muscles attach
Gluteal Tuberosity and linea aspera - attachment site for large hip muscles Intercondylar fossa Medial and Lateral epicondyles - muscle site attachements for knee muscles Fovia Capitis - small centered depression in head (ligament connects here to head) |
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What are characteristics of the patella?
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largest sesamoid bone in body
forms patellofemoral ligament patellofemoral stress syndrome - "runners knee" |
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What are the parts of the Tibia?
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larger, weight-bearing bone of leg
knee joint - articulates with femur and fibula ankle joint - articulates with talus and fibula tibial tuberosity - attachment site for patellar ligament medial malleolus - articultes with talus interosseous membrane - connects tibia and fibula |
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what are the parts of the pubis?
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inferior, anterior part of hip bone
pubic symphysis - two pubic bones joined by disc of fibrocartilage relaxin - hormone that increases flexibility of the pubic symphysis to ease delivery of baby |
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What is the acetabulum?
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ilium, ischium, and pubis
together with femoral head makes hip joint acetabular notch - foramen through which blood vessels and nerves pass |
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What are the true and false pelves?
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False - lies above line, contains no pelvic organs except urinary bladder and uterus during pregnancy
True - inferior to pelvic brim, has pelvic inlet, outlet, and cavity |
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What is the pelvic axis?
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imaginary line indicating path baby's head takes as it leaves pelvis
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What are the parts of the Tibia?
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larger, weight-bearing bone of leg
knee joint - articulates with femur and fibula ankle joint - articulates with talus and fibula tibial tuberosity - attachment site for patellar ligament medial malleolus - articultes with talus interosseous membrane - connects tibia and fibula |
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What are the parts of the fibula?
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non-weight bearing
tibiofibular joint - head articulates with lateral condyle of tibia lateral malleolus - articulates with tibia and talus does not contribute to knee joint, stabilizes ankle joint |
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What are the characteristics of the foot?
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composed of tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges
function: supports body weight |
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What are the parts of the tarsus?
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seven tarsal bones make up tarsus
talus - articulates with tibia and fibula to make talocrural joint calcaneus - heel bone, largest and strongest navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms body weight is borne by talus and calcaneus |
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What are the arches of the foot?
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medial and lateral longitudinal arch
transverse arch arches - support weight of body, provide spring and leverage to the foot when walking |
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What are flatfoot and clawfoot?
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flatfoot - arches decrease or "fall"
clawfoot - too much arch |
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How many bones are in the llower limb?
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32
1. Single pelvic girdle - 2 bones 2. The free part - 30 bones |
