Anatomy And Positioning - Foot And Ankle

Front 1

What transfers the weight of the body to the ground when we are in the upright position?

Back 1

Foot - Leg - Thigh - Hip

Front 2

How many bones in the foot?

Back 2

26

Front 3

name the type and quantity of the bones in the foot

Back 3

phalanges - 14; metatarsals - 5; tarsal - 7

Front 4

what do we need to see on the 5th metatarsal?

Back 4

there is a tuberosity that extends out laterally

Front 5

name the tarsal bones

Back 5

calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, 1-3 cunneforms

Front 6

what is the largest and strongest tarsal bone?

Back 6

calcaneus

Front 7

on the medial aspect of the calcaneus there is a "shelf of bone" that sticks out, what is this called?

Back 7

the Sustentacalum Tali

Front 8

name the 3 facets on the anterior surface of the calcaunus

Back 8

anterior, middle and posterior

Front 9

what is formed by the groove between the middle and posterior facets?

Back 9

the Calcaneal sulcus that forms the Sinnus Tarsi with the talus bone; this is where nerves and blood vessels pass

Front 10

what is the 2nd largest tarsal bone that is also the most superior?

Back 10

Talus

Front 11

what is the difference between the interphalangeal joints of the hand and those of the foot?

Back 11

nothing, they are the same, in name and quantity

Front 12

name of the joint between the proximal phalanges and the head of the metatarsals

Back 12

metatarsolphalangeal joint

Front 13

articulation between metatarsals is called?

Back 13

Intermetatarsal joints

Front 14

articulation between the bases of the metatarsals and distal row of tarsal bones?

Back 14

tarsometatarsal joints

Front 15

joint under the talus?

Back 15

subtalar joint

Front 16

what makes up the subtalar joint and what type is it?

Back 16

the 3 articulating surfaces between the talus and the calcanus; it is a synovial, gliding plane type joint, allowing slight gliding movement

Front 17

what is the mortise joint?

Back 17

articulation between the talus bone with tibia and fibula, the talus bone sits between the lateral and medial malleolus

Front 18

what is the 2nd largest bone in the body, also called the "shin" bone?

Back 18

Tibia

Front 19

What are the 2 large processes on the proximal end of the Tibia?

Back 19

medial and lateral condyles

Front 20

just distal to the condyles is the site of the attachement of the patallar ligament, what is this called?

Back 20

The tibial tubeosity

Front 21

what is the disease in younger people where the tibial tuberosity detaches?

Back 21

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Front 22

what is the pointed process on the distal end of the Tibia?

Back 22

the medial malleolus

Front 23

long,slender non-weight bearing bone of the leg on lateral side?

Back 23

Fibula

Front 24

2 proximal processes on Fibula?

Back 24

head and apex

Front 25

pointed process on distal end of Fibula?

Back 25

Lateral malleolus

Front 26

which of the leg bones is slightly posterior to the other?

Back 26

Thte Fibula is posterior to the Tibia

Front 28

3 projections of foot?

Back 28

AP, oblique and lateral

Front 29

what is another name for the AP projection of the foot?

Back 29

dorsum-plantar

Front 30

position and CR for AP foot?

Back 30

foot flat, CR angled 10 deg centered on base of 3rd metatarsal

Front 31

What transfers the weight of the body to the ground when we are in the upright position?

Back 31

Foot - Leg - Thigh - Hip

Front 32

How many bones in the foot?

Back 32

26

Front 33

name the type and quantity of the bones in the foot

Back 33

phalanges - 14; metatarsals - 5; tarsal - 7

Front 34

what do we need to see on the 5th metatarsal?

Back 34

there is a tuberosity that extends out laterally

Front 35

name the tarsal bones

Back 35

calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, 1-3 cunneforms

Front 36

what is the largest and strongest tarsal bone?

Back 36

calcaneus

Front 37

on the medial aspect of the calcaneus there is a "shelf of bone" that sticks out, what is this called?

Back 37

the Sustentacalum Tali

Front 38

name the 3 facets on the anterior surface of the calcaunus

Back 38

anterior, middle and posterior

Front 39

what is formed by the groove between the middle and posterior facets?

Back 39

the Calcaneal sulcus that forms the Sinnus Tarsi with the talus bone; this is where nerves and blood vessels pass

Front 40

what is the 2nd largest tarsal bone that is also the most superior?

Back 40

Talus

Front 41

what is the difference between the interphalangeal joints of the hand and those of the foot?

Back 41

nothing, they are the same, in name and quantity

Front 42

name of the joint between the proximal phalanges and the head of the metatarsals

Back 42

metatarsolphalangeal joint

Front 43

articulation between metatarsals is called?

Back 43

Intermetatarsal joints

Front 44

articulation between the bases of the metatarsals and distal row of tarsal bones?

Back 44

tarsometatarsal joints

Front 45

joint under the talus?

Back 45

subtalar joint

Front 46

what makes up the subtalar joint and what type is it?

Back 46

the 3 articulating surfaces between the talus and the calcanus; it is a synovial, gliding plane type joint, allowing slight gliding movement

Front 47

what is the mortise joint?

Back 47

articulation between the talus bone with tibia and fibula, the talus bone sits between the lateral and medial malleolus

Front 48

what is the 2nd largest bone in the body, also called the "shin" bone?

Back 48

Tibia

Front 49

What are the 2 large processes on the proximal end of the Tibia?

Back 49

medial and lateral condyles

Front 50

just distal to the condyles is the site of the attachement of the patallar ligament, what is this called?

Back 50

The tibial tuberosity

Front 51

what is the disease in younger people where the tibial tuberosity detaches?

Back 51

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Front 52

what is the pointed process on the distal end of the Tibia?

Back 52

the medial malleolus

Front 53

long,slender non-weight bearing bone of the leg on lateral side?

Back 53

Fibula

Front 54

2 proximal processes on Fibula?

Back 54

head and apex

Front 55

pointed process on distal end of Fibula?

Back 55

Lateral malleolus

Front 56

which of the leg bones is slightly posterior to the other?

Back 56

The Fibula is posterior to the Tibia

Front 57

3 projections of foot?

Back 57

AP, oblique and lateral

Front 58

what is another name for the AP projection?

Back 58

dorsum-plantar

Front 59

position and CR for AP foot?

Back 59

foot flat, CR angled 10 deg centered on base of 3rd metatarsal

Front 60

what should you see in a correct AP foot x-ray?

Back 60

all bones anterior to calcanus (calcanus and talus will be superimposed)

Front 61

on oblique foot which way do you rotate the foot and leg and how much?/CR?

Back 61

medially 30 degrees/CR perpendicular at base of 3rd metatarsal

Front 62

what do you see on a correct oblique foot?

Back 62

see Sinus Tarsi, all joints around cuboid and metatarsal joint spaces

Front 63

Which way do you rotate foot and leg on a routine lateral foot?/ which way is a better projection?

Back 63

rotate externally, internally is better but is difficult for patient, especially with injury

Front 64

positioning and CR for lateral foot?

Back 64

foot and leg rotated externally with dorsiflex/ CR is perpendicular and centered at level of base of 3rd metatarsal

Front 65

what should you see in a correct lateral foot?

Back 65

all bones of foot and distal tibia and fibula

Front 66

What is the standing lateral projection for?

Back 66

To exam the arches of the foot

Front 67

what is the projection to isolate the calcaneus?

Back 67

Axial Plantodorsal Projection

Front 68

Positioning and CR for Axial Plantodorsal projection?

Back 68

CR 40 deg cephalic, extend leg and dorsiflex foot, put bandage on ball of foot and pull back, plantar surface perpendicular to IR, CR on base of 5th metatarsal

Front 69

how do you know you have done a correct axial plantodorsal projection?

Back 69

you can see the calcanus, and articulation of calcanus and cuboid and the sustentaclum tali

Front 70

Where do you center the CR on a lateral calcanus projection?/what do you see on a correct one?

Back 70

CR perpendicular to center of calcaneus/ see talus, sinus tarsi and entire calcaneus

Front 71

Why do we use 10 x 12 cassettes on an ankle instead of 8x10s as shown in book?

Back 71

we want to get the distal 1/3 end of tibia and fibula as fractures often happen there and spiral up

Front 72

name 4 projections for the ankle

Back 72

AP, 15 deg oblique, 45 deg oblique and lateral

Front 73

positioning for AP ankle?

Back 73

dorsiflexed foot so plantar surface perpendicular to IR/CR perpendicular to ankle joint

Front 74

what you see on a correct AP ankle?

Back 74

see Talus, mortise joint and lower 3rd of tib/fib

Front 75

What is 45 deg oblique of foot done for?

Back 75

to see bony structures

Front 76

positioning and CR for 45 deg oblique?

Back 76

same as AP but foot and leg rotated medially 45 deg

Front 77

what do you see on a 45 deg oblique ankle?

Back 77

talus, tib/fib, closed mortise joint

Front 78

Why do we do a 15 deg oblique ankle?

Back 78

To see open mortise joint

Front 79

Does 15 deg oblique ankle projection really demonstrate mortise joint?

Back 79

not according to Prof Hobson, have to hold leg and rotate foot 15 deg only to see open mortise joint

Front 80

Positioning/CR for lateral ankle?

Back 80

foot and leg turned externally, foot dorsiflexed/CR entering medial malleolus

Front 81

what you see on a correct lateral ankle?

Back 81

calcaneus, base of 5th metatarsal and lower 3rd of tib/fib