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19 Cards in this Set

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What is the function and structure of the vertebral column? 3 key elements
1. made up of a successive bone segments
2. Central axis of skeleton
3. Supports trunk and head and encloses spinal cord.
Where does the axial skeleton articulate with the appendicular skeleton?
At the sacroiliac joint in the hip.

What does this do?
transmits the weight of the trunk to the lower extremities.
An adult has 26 bones in the vertebral column, how many does a child have and why is it different?
33, the sacrum has 5 bones that fuse into 1 and the coccyx has 3-5 bones that fuse into 1
What is the natural curve of the vertebral column called when it is concave anteriorly?
kyphotic

which regions have this curve?
thoracic and pelvic
What is the natural curve of the vetebral column called when it is convex anteriorly?
Lordotic

which regions have this curve?
Cervical and lumbar
Abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column
Scoliosis
Abnormal increased convexity of the thoracic spine
kyphosis
Abnormal increased concavity of lumbar spine
Lordosis
How far does the spinal cord go down the vertebral column?
It tapers off at L1-L2

what is in this canal after this point?
cerebrospinal fluid and sacral nerves
How many articular processes are there on a typical vertebra?
4, 2 inferior and 2 superior.
what is the joint called that is formed from the articulation of these processes from one vertebra to another?
The zygoapophyseal joints
Just anterior to the zygoapophyseal joints there is a space formed between vertebra. What is this called?
intervertebral transverse foramina
what structure sticks up into C1 from C2?
the dens or odontoid process
The body of the vertebra is anterior to the spinous process and the 2 transverse processes. What connects these structures?
The pedicle
what is the projection used to see the C1 and C2 vertebra?
The open mouth A&A (accurate alignment) projection.
How do you position the patient for this?
head tilted back so CR passes on a perpendicular line from lower incisor teeth to mastoid process
an AP cervical exam is ordered, how would you position the patient and CR?
Center MSP, extend chin, CR enters just below thyroid cartilage (C4) at 15-20 deg cephalic angle, using an 8x10 cassette lengthwise
On a cervical radiograph what are we striving to see?
all 7 cervical vertebra
what do we do on a lateral exam to help get the shoulders out of the way?
have the pt hold weights in each hand and relax shoulders in erect position, in recumbent the arms must be pulled by another tech(should use Dr or resident)
What is the SID and CR for a lateral cervical x-ray exam?
72" and perp CR entering at C4
What is AP oblique cervical exam done for?
To demonstrate pedicles and intervertebral formina furthest away from IR. PA shows closest to IR
what is the CR for this?
15-20 deg cephalic at C4
caudad for PA
what angle do we position patient for when doing cervical oblique and why?
45 degrees as that is the angle the intervertebral formina can be seen