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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is the function and structure of the vertebral column? 3 key elements
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1. made up of a successive bone segments
2. Central axis of skeleton 3. Supports trunk and head and encloses spinal cord. |
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Where does the axial skeleton articulate with the appendicular skeleton?
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At the sacroiliac joint in the hip.
What does this do? |
transmits the weight of the trunk to the lower extremities.
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An adult has 26 bones in the vertebral column, how many does a child have and why is it different?
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33, the sacrum has 5 bones that fuse into 1 and the coccyx has 3-5 bones that fuse into 1
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What is the natural curve of the vertebral column called when it is concave anteriorly?
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kyphotic
which regions have this curve? |
thoracic and pelvic
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What is the natural curve of the vetebral column called when it is convex anteriorly?
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Lordotic
which regions have this curve? |
Cervical and lumbar
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Abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column
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Scoliosis
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Abnormal increased convexity of the thoracic spine
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kyphosis
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Abnormal increased concavity of lumbar spine
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Lordosis
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How far does the spinal cord go down the vertebral column?
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It tapers off at L1-L2
what is in this canal after this point? |
cerebrospinal fluid and sacral nerves
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How many articular processes are there on a typical vertebra?
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4, 2 inferior and 2 superior.
what is the joint called that is formed from the articulation of these processes from one vertebra to another? |
The zygoapophyseal joints
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Just anterior to the zygoapophyseal joints there is a space formed between vertebra. What is this called?
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intervertebral transverse foramina
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what structure sticks up into C1 from C2?
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the dens or odontoid process
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The body of the vertebra is anterior to the spinous process and the 2 transverse processes. What connects these structures?
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The pedicle
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what is the projection used to see the C1 and C2 vertebra?
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The open mouth A&A (accurate alignment) projection.
How do you position the patient for this? |
head tilted back so CR passes on a perpendicular line from lower incisor teeth to mastoid process
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an AP cervical exam is ordered, how would you position the patient and CR?
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Center MSP, extend chin, CR enters just below thyroid cartilage (C4) at 15-20 deg cephalic angle, using an 8x10 cassette lengthwise
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On a cervical radiograph what are we striving to see?
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all 7 cervical vertebra
what do we do on a lateral exam to help get the shoulders out of the way? |
have the pt hold weights in each hand and relax shoulders in erect position, in recumbent the arms must be pulled by another tech(should use Dr or resident)
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What is the SID and CR for a lateral cervical x-ray exam?
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72" and perp CR entering at C4
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What is AP oblique cervical exam done for?
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To demonstrate pedicles and intervertebral formina furthest away from IR. PA shows closest to IR
what is the CR for this? |
15-20 deg cephalic at C4
caudad for PA |
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what angle do we position patient for when doing cervical oblique and why?
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45 degrees as that is the angle the intervertebral formina can be seen
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