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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anatomy
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the study of the form and structure of an organism
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Physiology
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the study of the processes of living organisms
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Pathophysiology
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the study of how disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease processes
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Protoplasm
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thick, viscous substance that is the basic substance of all life
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Cell
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the basic structure and function in all living things; composed of protoplasm
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Cell membrane
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the outer protective covering of a cell; semipermeable
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Cytoplasm
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semi-fluid inside cell; ontains water, proteins, lipids, carbs, minerals, salts; the site for allchemical reactions that take place in the cell
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Organelles
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cell structures that help a cell to function; located in cytoplasm; main organelles are nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, etc.
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Nucleus
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mass in cytoplams; "brain" of the cell; controls activites and is important in cell division
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Nucleolus
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inside nucleus; manufactures ribosomes (RNA and proteins)
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Chromatin
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in nucleus; made of DNA and protein; during cell reproduction, it condenses to form chromosomes
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Centrosome
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in cytoplasm near nucleus; contains 2 centrioles; during mitosis, they separate
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Mitochondria
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rod-shaped organelles located throughout cytoplasm; "furnaces" or cell b/c they break down carbs, proteins, & fats to produce ATP (energy source)
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Golgi Apparatus
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stack of membrane layers located in cytoplam; produces, stores, and packages; puts "finishing touches" on proteins that will now be shipped throughout cell
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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fine network of tubular structures in cytoplams; allows transportation of things in and out of nucleus, and helps with storage of proteins
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Lysosomes
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oval/round bodies in cytoplasm; digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, etc. & helps immune system
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Pinocytic vesicles
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pocketlike folds in membrane; allow large molecules like proteins and fats to enter cell, then they fold to form vacuoles
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Dehydration/edema
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not enough tissue fluid/too much tissue fluis
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organ
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two or more tissues joined together to perform a specific function
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system
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organs and other body parts joined together to perform a particular function
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Tissue
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cells of the same type join together for a common purpose
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Epithelial tissue
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covers the surface of the body and is main tissue in skin; forms lining of intestinal, respiratory, and urinary tracts and others; forms glands and specilizes to produce specific secretions for the body
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Connective tissue
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supporting fabric of organs
Soft: insulates, food reserve, padding, holds things together Hard: includes cartilage and bone |
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Nerve tissue
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made up of special cells called neurons; transmits messages throughout body and composes nerves, brain, and spinal cord
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Muscle tissue
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produces power and movement by contraction of muscle fibers; skeletal, cardiac, and visceral (smoothe)
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System that protects body from injury, infection, & dehydration; helps regulate body temp; eliminates some wastes; produces vitamin D
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Integumentary System
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System that creates framework of body, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and acts as levers for muscles.
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Skeletal System
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System that produces movement, protects internal organs, produces body heat, and maintains posture.
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Muscular System
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System that coordinates and controls body activities.
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Nervous system
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System that allows body to react to environment by providing sight, hearing, taste, smell, etc.
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Special Senses System
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System that carries oxygen and nutrients to body cells, carries waste products away from cells, and helps produce cells to fight infection.
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Circulatory system
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System that carries some tissue fluid and wastes to blood, assists with fighting infection.
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Lymphatic system
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System that breathes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide.
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Respiratory system
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System that digests food physically and chemically, transports food, absorbs nutriends, and eliminates wastes.
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Digestive system
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System that filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body, produces and eliminates urine.
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Urinary system
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System that produces and secretes hormones to regulate body processes.
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Endocrine system
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System that reproduces human beings.
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Reproductive system
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Imaginary lines drawn through the body at various parts to separate the body into sections.
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Body planes
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horizontal plane that divides the body into a top half and a bottom half.
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transverse plane
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body parts above other parts.
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Superior
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Body parts below other parts
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Inferior
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body parts located near the head
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cranial
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Body parts located near the sacral region of the spinal column (tail)
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Caudal
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Divides the body into right and left sides
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Midsagittal (median) plane
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Body parts close to the midline, or plane.
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medial
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Body parts away from the midline
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Lateral
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Divides the body into a front section and a back section.
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Frontal (coronal) plane
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Body parts in front of the plane or on the front of the body
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Ventral, anterior
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Body parts on the back of the body
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Dorsal, posterior
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Body parts close to the point of refrence
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Proximal
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Body parts distant from the point of refrence
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Distal
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spaces within the body that contain vital organs
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Body cavities
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Long, continuous cavity located on teh back of the body
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Dorsal cavity
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Part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain
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Cranial cavity
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Part of the dorsal cavity that contains the spinal cord
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Spinal cavity
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Separated into two distinct cavities by the dome-shaped muscle (diaphragm); larger than the dorsal cavities
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ventral cavities
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Located in the chest and contains the exophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart, and large blood vessels
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thoracic cavity
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Divided into an upper part and lower part
Upper: stomach, small intestine, most of large intesting, appendix, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen |
Abdominal cavity
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Lower part of abdominal cavity; contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and last part of large intestine
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Pelvic cavity
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Small cavity for the eyes
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Orbital cavity
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Small cavity for the nose structures
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Nasal cavity
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Small cavity for teeth and tongue
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Buccal cavity
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