Anatomy And Physiology ~ Unit 6! Section 5: Muscular

Front 1

Muscular system

Back 1

Produces movement, protects internal organs, produces body heat, maintains posture;
Three main kinds of muscle: cardiac, visceral, skeletal

Front 2

Excitability

Back 2

Irritability, the ability to respond to a stimulus such as a nerve impulse

Front 3

Contractibility

Back 3

Muscle fibers that are stimulated by nerves contract (become short) and thick, which causes movement

Front 4

Extensibility

Back 4

The ability to be stretched

Front 5

Elasticity

Back 5

Allows the muscle to return to its original shape after it has contracted or stretched

Front 6

Cardiac muscle

Back 6

Forms the walls of the heart and contracts to circulate blood; involuntary movement

Front 7

Visceral (Smooth) muscle

Back 7

Found in the internal organs of the body such as those of the digestive and respiratory systems, and blood vessels and eyes; contract to cause movement in these organs; involuntary

Front 8

Skeletal muscle

Back 8

Attached to bones and causes body movement; voluntary because a person has control over its action

Front 9

Tendons

Back 9

Strong, tough connective-tissue cords; Ex. gastrocenemius muscle on the calf of the leg which attaches to the heelbone by the Achilles tendon

Front 10

Fascia

Back 10

Tough, sheetlike membrane that covers and protects the tissue; Ex. deep muscles of the trunk and back which are surrounded by the lumbodorsal fascia

Front 11

Origin

Back 11

The end that does not move when a muscle attaches to a bone

Front 12

Insertion

Back 12

The end that moves when a muscle contracts

Front 13

Adduction

Back 13

Moving a body part toward the midline

Front 14

Abduction

Back 14

Moving a body part away from the midline

Front 15

Flexion

Back 15

Decreasing the angle between two bones, or bending a body part

Front 16

Extension

Back 16

Increasing the angle between two bones, or straightening a body part

Front 17

Rotation

Back 17

Turning a body part around its own axis; for example, turning the head from side to side

Front 18

Circumduction

Back 18

Moving in a circle at a joint, or moving one end of a body part in a circle while the other end remains stationary, such as swinging arm in circle

Front 19

Muscle tone

Back 19

The state of partial contraction; sometimes described as state of readiness to act

Front 20

Contracture

Back 20

Severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in bending of a joint; sometimes caused by lack of use

Front 21

Fibromyalgia

Back 21

Chronic, widespread pain in specific muscle sites; other symptoms: muscle stiffness, numbness or tingling in arms/legs, fatigue, sleep disturbances, headaches, and depression; cause is unknown; treatment directed toward pain relief

Front 22

Muscular Dystrophy

Back 22

Group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic, progressive muscle atrophy; usually appears in early childhood; most types result in total disability and early death; no cure but physical therapy can slow progress

Front 23

Myasthenia gravis

Back 23

Chronic condition where nerve impulses are not properly transmitted to the muscles; leads to progressive muscular weakness and paralysis; can be fatal if it affects the respiratory muscles; cause is unknown, no cure and treatment is supportive

Front 24

Muscle spasms

Back 24

Cramps, are sudden, painful involuntary muscle contractions; usually occur in legs or feet and may result from overexertion, low electrolyte levels, or poor circulation

Front 25

Strain

Back 25

Overstretching of or injury to a muscle and/or tendon; usually back, arms, and legs; prolonged or sudden muscle exertion is usually the cause; symptoms: muscle pain, swelling, limited movement