Anatomy And Physiology Of Hematological And Immune Systems, Ch 45 In Critical Care Nursing: A Holistic Approach

Front 1

The humoral-mediated immune response has ti's effect primarily throught the action of:

A. T cells
B. null cells
C. Complement
D. B cells

Back 1

D. B cells

B cells manufacture immunoglobins, which are the major factors in the humoral-mediated immune response.

Front 2

The major function of neurophils is to:

A. mediated the immune response.
B. initiate hypersensitivity response.
C. phagocytize bacteria.
D. stimulate nerve endings.

Back 2

C. Phagocytize bacteria

The cell structure of neurtophils promotes their attachment to bacteria and facilitates the bacteria being engulfed.

Front 3

The cells of the hematopoietic system that contribute to osmotic plama pressure for:

A. coagulation factors.
B. plasma proteins.
C. red blood cells.
D. thrombocytes

Back 3

B. Plasma proteins

Plasma proteins, because of their size and structure, regulate the movement of water and solute, thereby contributing to osmotic plasma pressure.

Front 4

The electrolyte that plays an important role in the coagulation cascade is:

A. calcium
B. potassium
C. sodium
D. vitamin K

Back 4

A. Calcium

Calcium is negatively charged, binds with coagulation factors, and creates an affinity for clotting factors to bind at the site of clotting.

Front 5

Which of the following statements is true about plasma?

A. Plasma contains clotting factors only.
B. Plasma is 90% water and 10% dissolved solutes.
C. Plasma contains only clotting factors.
D. Plasma and serum are the synonymous.

Back 5

B. Plasma is 90% water and 10% dissolved solutes.

Plasma is approximately 90% water and 10% dissolved solutes.

Front 6

The type of leukocyte responsible for producing antibodies and maintaining the body's immune response is the:

A. granulocyte.
B. eosinophil.
C. monocyte.
D. lymphocyte

Back 6

D. lymphocyte

Lymphocytes are immunocompetent cells that are involved in providing antibodies and maintaining the immune response.

Front 7

A critically ill patient is admitted with a leukocyte count of 18,000 per cu. mm of blood. The nurse realizes this count is:

A. normal.
B. high.
C. low.
D. life-threatening

Back 7

B. high.

There are approximately 5,000 to 10,000 white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood.

Front 8

One-third of the body's platelets reside in a reserve pool located in the:

A. liver.
B. spleen.
C. pancreas.
D. bone marrow.

Back 8

B. spleen.

There are approximately 250,000 to 500,000 platelets per cubic millimeter of blood; one-third of them reside in a reserve pool in the spleen.

Front 9

The first stage in the inflammatory process is the:

A. tissue repair stage.
B. vascular stage.
C. tissue replacement stage.
D. cellular exudate stage.

Back 9

B. vascular stage.

The inflammatory response contains three stages: the vascular stage, the cellular exudates stage, and the tissue repair and replacement stage.

Front 10

Chemical messengers that enhance cell growth, promote cell activation, and direct all traffic are called:

A. Kupffer's cells.
B. B lymphocytes.
C. cytokines.
D. T lymphocytes.

Back 10

C. cytokines.

Cytokines are chemical messengers functioning as immune system hormones. They enhance cell growth, promote cell activation, direct all traffic, stimulate macrophage function, and destroy antigens.

Front 11

Ginger, a 26-year-old, is admitted to the burn unit with second- and third-degree burns on her trunk and neck. The nurse writes a nursing diagnosis of “Risk for Infection” based upon the knowledge that the patient has a/an:

A. impaired mononuclear phagocyte system.
B. interruption of physical barriers.
C. impaired cell-mediated response.
D. complement system deficiencies.

Back 11

B. interruption of physical barriers.

Burns are an interruption of the skin as a natural barrier.

Front 12

Michael, who has tested HIV-positive, is admitted to the ICU with the medical diagnosis of pneumonia. The nurse knows the patient is more susceptible to infection based upon:

A. impaired cell-mediated immune response.
B. impaired humoral immunity.
C. interruption of physical barriers.
D. impaired mononuclear phagocyte system.

Back 12

A. impaired cell-mediated immune response.

AIDS patients are susceptible to infection due to impaired cell-mediated immune response.

Front 13

Which of the following is the end product after red blood cells are destroyed?

A. Urea
B. Creatinine
C. Uric acid
D. Bilirubin

Back 13

D. Bilirubin

Bilirubin (from heme) is the end product of red blood cell destruction.

Front 14

The greatest number of leukocytes are:

A. macrophages.
B. monocytes.
C. granulocytes.
D. lymphocytes

Back 14

C. granulocytes.

Granulocytes comprise approximately 70% of all white blood cells.

Front 15

Dead red blood cells (RBCs) are usually eliminated mainly by:

A. phagocytosis in the liver and spleen.
B. excretion in the urinary system.
C. bile excretion in the gallbladder.
D. active transport of the lymphatic system.

Back 15

A. phagocytosis in the liver and spleen.

Dead red blood cells (RBCs) are usually eliminated mainly by phagocytosis in the liver and spleen.

Front 16

The immune response that plays a major role in rejection or acceptance of certain tissue grafts is the:

A. cell-mediated immune response.
B. humoral-immune response.
C. combined immune response.
D. lymphoid system.

Back 16

A. Cell mediated immune response

Cell-mediated immune response plays a major role in the rejection or acceptance of certain tissue grafts, the stimulation and regulation of antibody production, and defense against various malignant changes.

Front 17

The original cell in which all blood cell types are believed to begin is called the:

A. plasma cell.
B. pluripotent stem cell.
C. myeloid stem cell.
D. reticulocyte.

Back 17

B. pluripotent stem cell.

All blood cell types are believed to be derived from a single pluripotent stem cell.

Front 18

These cells remain in the body and are capable of initiating a rapid response to a known antigen.

A. Cytotoxic T cells (T8)
B. Helper-inducer T cells (T4)
C. Suppressor T cells (T8)
D. Memory T cells

Back 18

d. Memory T cells

Front 19

Verity Jones is receiving radiation therapy after a mastectomy. The nurse practices good hand hygiene as she knows the patient is at great risk for infection due to:

A. decreased platelet function.
B. impaired monocyte phagocyte system.
C. impaired phagocyte functioning.
D. impaired cell-mediated immune response.

Back 19

C. impaired phagocyte functioning.

Radiation therapy can cause impaired phagocyte functioning.