Anatomy And Physiology Of Hearing

Front 1

audition

Back 1

the process associated with hearing

Front 2

acoustic; electrochemical

Back 2

the ear changes _ energy into _ energy

Front 3

pinna or auricle

Back 3

structure provided by a cartilaginous framework that collects sound that is processed in the middle ear and cochlea

Front 4

external auditory meatus

Back 4

external ear canal, ends at the tympanic membrane

Front 5

tympanic membrane

Back 5

kwown as the ear drum, seperates middle ear from outer ear; is responsible for intiating mechanical impendance-matching processs of middle ear

Front 6

three layer

Back 6

how many layers are in the tympanic membrane?

Front 7

middle ear

Back 7

contains the three smallest bones of the body

Front 8

ossicle chain

Back 8

what are the three smallest bones in the body as a group called?

Front 9

malleus, stapes, incus

Back 9

what are the three smallest bones in body called by name?

Front 10

malleus

Back 10

largest of the ossicles

Front 11

tympanic membrane

Back 11

the malleus provides point of attachement for the _

Front 12

incus

Back 12

shaped like an anvil

Front 13

ossicular chian

Back 13

the incus provides intermediate link of _

Front 14

saddle joint

Back 14

incus and malleus articulate by means of a _

Front 15

stapes

Back 15

helps transmit sound vibrations from eardrum to oval window

Front 16

ball and socket typ joint

Back 16

articulation of the incus and stapes is a _

Front 17

stapedius muscle

Back 17

imbedded in posterior wall of middle ear

Front 18

tensor tympani

Back 18

inserts into upper mandibular malli

Front 19

Eustachian tube

Back 19

responsible for aeration of the middle ear

Front 20

the vestibular system

Back 20

contains sensors for balance in the inner ear

Front 21

the cochlea

Back 21

contains sensors for hearing in inner ear

Front 22

ossesous or bony labryinth

Back 22

contains all the inner ear structure

Front 23

vestibule

Back 23

the _ provides entrance into the inner ear stuctures

Front 24

osseous or bony vesituble

Back 24

embedded within petrous portion of the temporal bone with epithelial lining that secretes perilymph

Front 25

osseous semicircular canals

Back 25

canals of the vestibular system and contains sense organs for movement of body in space

Front 26

anterior canals

Back 26

sense movement of head toward shoulder

Front 27

posterior canals

Back 27

sense movement of head nodding yes

Front 28

horizontal or lateral canals

Back 28

sense movement of head when shaking no

Front 29

osseous cochlear labyrinth; scala vestibule and scala tympani

Back 29

_ looks like a coiled snail shell and is divided by osseous spinal lamina into the _ and _

Front 30

round window

Back 30

communicates between the scala tympani and middle ear

Front 31

oral window

Back 31

communicates between scala vestibule and middle ear space

Front 32

cochlear aqueduct

Back 32

connects upper duct and subarchnoid space

Front 33

membranous labyrinth; endolymph

Back 33

_ is found within cavity of osseous labyrinth and filled with fluid called _

Front 34

cocchlea

Back 34

sense organ of hearing

Front 35

semicircular canals

Back 35

sense organs of balance

Front 36

organ of corti

Back 36

sensory oran of hearing within the inner ear

Front 37

organ of corti

Back 37

has four rows of hair cells, three outer and one inner

Front 38

tunnel of corti

Back 38

seperates the inner and outer cells of the organ of corti

Front 39

ssterocilia

Back 39

minute cilia tha protrude from surface of hair cells

Front 40

many; one

Back 40

inner hair cells inervated by _ nerve fiber; outer inervated by _

Front 41

auditory mechanism

Back 41

processes the acoustic signals of speech

Front 42

outer ear

Back 42

collects sound and shapes frequency components

Front 43

middle ear

Back 43

matches airborne acoustic signal with fluid medium of cochlea

Front 44

inner ear

Back 44

performs temporal and spectral analysis on ongoing acoustic signal

Front 45

auditory pathway

Back 45

conveys and further processes the signal

Front 46

cerebral cortex

Back 46

interprets the signal

Front 47

pinna of outer ear

Back 47

funnels acoustical information to the external auditory meatus

Front 48

external auditory meatus

Back 48

funnels sound to the tympanic membrane

Front 49

middle ear

Back 49

what part of ear contains tympanic membrane, ossicles, entry to cochlea, and oval window?

Front 50

impedance

Back 50

resistance to the flow of energy

Front 51

middle ear mechanism

Back 51

increases pressure of signal arriving at cochlea

Front 52

match the impedance of two conductive systems

Back 52

what is primary function of middle ear?

Front 53

performs frequency and temporal acoustic analysis of incoming acoustical signal

Back 53

what is function is inner ear?

Front 54

vestibular mechanism

Back 54

provides major input to proprioceptive system; responsible for the sense of ones body in space

Front 55

cochlea; frequency, amplitude, temporal

Back 55

establishes first level of auditory processing of incoming acoustic signals; determines _ components of signals; determines _ of signal; indentifies _ aspects of signal

Front 56

traveling wave

Back 56

determines frequency data going into brain

Front 57

basilar membrane

Back 57

determination of ability to analyze frquency

Front 58

base

Back 58

basilar membrane is thicker, stiffer, and wider at _ than apex

Front 59

base to apex; impedance gradient

Back 59

traveling wave always travels from _ to _ due to _ of basilar membrane

Front 60

excitation of hair cells

Back 60

hair cells displaced as traveling wave moves along basilar membrane

Front 61

excitation of outer hair cells

Back 61

result of shearing effect on cilia

Front 62

excitation of inner hair cells

Back 62

results from fluid flow and endolymph turbulence

Front 63

electoral potentials are intiated

Back 63

when basilar membrane is displaced toward scala vestibule the hair cells are activated and what happens?

Front 64

high threshold neurons

Back 64

requires higher level of stimulation to fire and process higher level of sounds

Front 65

low threshold fibers

Back 65

respond at very low signal intensities

Front 66

histogram

Back 66

display of data arrayed with reference to its frequency of occurrence

Front 67

post stimulus time histogram

Back 67

plots of neural response relative to the onset of stimulus

Front 68

characteristic frequency of a neuron

Back 68

frequency to which a neuron respond best

Front 69

cochlear nucleus

Back 69

first stage in auditory pathway; distinguished by different neural responses to auditory stimulation

Front 70

neural responses to auditory stimulation

Back 70

primary like responses, most resemble eighth nerve firing

Front 71

onset responses

Back 71

intial response to onset of a stimulus followed by silence

Front 72

chopper responses

Back 72

have a periodic, chopped, temporal pattern as long as tone is present

Front 73

pauser responses

Back 73

take longer to respond than other neurons

Front 74

buildup responses

Back 74

slowly increase in firing rate through the intial stages of firing

Front 75

superior olivary complex

Back 75

first site of binaural interaction

Front 76

lateral superior olive

Back 76

receives high frequency info from the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus

Front 77

medial superior olive

Back 77

receives low frequency info from the ipsilateral chochlear nucleus

Front 78

medial geniculate body

Back 78

final sensory way-station of brain cell

Front 79

cerebral cortex

Back 79

receives input primarily from contralateral ear via the MGB