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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 functions of the nervous system
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Receive Sensory Input
Integrate as Information Sends out Motor and Glandular outputs |
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What are the 2 parts of the Nervous System
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CNS:
Brain and Spinal Cord PNS: Nerves and Ganglia |
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What are the 2 parts of the PNS
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Afferent:
(sensory) sends signals to the CNS Efferent: (motor) sends signals from CNS |
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What are 4 types of non-neuron cells in the nervous system
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Astrocytes
Microglial Oligodenrocyte Ependymal |
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Function of Astrocytes
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Hold neurons in place
Pass nutrients from blood to neurons Blocks chemicals (blood brain barrier) |
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Functions of Microglial
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Immune cells for Brain
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Function of Oliogodendrocytes
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Wrap neurons in myolin sheeth
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Function of ependymal cells
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Found in ventricles of Brain
Produce CSF |
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What are the 2 types of cells in the PNS
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Schwann:
Make myolin sheeths Satelite: Surround neuron cell bodies |
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Describe Motor Neurons
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Very Large
10 million, 1/2 of nervous cells Pass Signals Dont Reproduce Have Nissl Bodies |
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Describe Multi Polar neurons
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Have Dendrytes (branches)
Cell Body Axon (1 long extension) 99% are bipolar |
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What type of neurons make up the bulk of the brain
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Inter Neurons
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What is the resting electrical potential of Neurons
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-70mlv
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What is the depolarization threshold potential
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-55mlv
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How can you speed up the signal
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Myolanation
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Explain the process for chemical synapse
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Signal crosses by diffusion of chemicals
Signal arrives at Axon terminal Signal opens Ca++ Gates Ca++ binds with synaptic vesicles Neuro Transmitters diffuse across cleft (1/2 a ml/sec) Neuro Transmitter comes loose from the receptor Diffuses back into Pre-Synaptic cell |
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What are the 2 effects synapses can have
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EPSP
slight depolarization IPSP slight hyperpolarization |
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What is ACH (acetylcholine)
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An EPSP transmitter
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What is attached to all Biogenic Amines
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An NH group
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What are the types of Amines
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Dopamine
Serratonine Norepinephrine |
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What do peptides do
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Carry or Block pain signals
Substance P carry pain signals Endorphins block pain signals |
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Describe Oppiates
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Analgesic (pain killer)
Addictive Euphoric Halucinatory |
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What causes a Psychosomatic Analgesic response
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Endorphin release via
accupuncture hypnosis placebo |
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Name 2 types of aminos that serve as neuro transmitters
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Ethanol: blocks re-uptake of glutamate
NO nitric oxide Vaso Dialator |
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What are the 2 types of summation
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Space Summation:
multiple synapses add strength together Temporal Summation: one synapse has a stronger effect if it sends multiple signals |
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What are the 3 synapse locations
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Axodentritic: found on dendrytes (weak signal)
Axosomatic: on the cell body Axoaxonic: axon on target cell (stops target cell from firing, pre-synaptic inhibition) |
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What are neuron pools
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A group of post synapric neurons (target cells) that receive signals from the telodendria of other target cells
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3 basic types of neuronal circuits
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Diverging: single input creates multiple outputs
Converging: multiple inputs come together to create a single output Clocked: one input with a feedback loop to retrip itself |
