Anatomy And Physiology I

Front 1

List three functions of the nervous system

Back 1

1) senses changes inside and outside the body
2) interprets changes
3) responds to interpretations by initiating action. (muscle contraction, etc)

Front 2

CNS

Back 2

includes the brain and spinal cord

Front 3

PNS

Back 3

includes nerves that connect receptors with the CNS

Front 4

Afferent

Back 4

information is received and transmitted by Sensory Nerves

Front 5

Efferent

Back 5

information is responded by motor nerves

Front 6

Motor-> Somatic or Autonomic

Back 6

voluntary vs. involuntary

Front 7

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 7

Sympathetic or parasympathetic

Front 8

neurons

Back 8

cells responsible for conducting impulses from one part of the body to another

Front 9

neurons

Back 9

functional unit of the nervous system

Front 10

neurons

Back 10

where nerve impulses are transmitted and receieved

Front 11

internuerons

Back 11

between sensory and motor

Front 12

dendrites

Back 12

multi, receive info

Front 13

axon

Back 13

single long, respond

Front 14

neuroglia

Back 14

cells responsible for supporting the neuron, aka nerve glue.

Front 15

astrocytes , oligodendricytes, microglia are found in ______ of ______

Back 15

CNS of Neuroglia

Front 16

_________ is found in the PNS of neuroglia

Back 16

Schwann Cell

Front 17

schwann cells

Back 17

cells which wrap aorund the axon in the PNS.

Front 18

Schwann Cells

Back 18

form myelin, yellowish, fatty covering,

Front 19

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

Back 19

acts as an insulator and protects the axon. also prevents current flow through the membrane

Front 20

What are the nodes of Ranvier?

Back 20

spaces between Schwann cells, uninsulated

Front 21

name 3 structures of neurons

Back 21

bipolar, multipolar, unipolar

Front 22

multipolar

Back 22

contain an axon and many dendrites

Front 23

bipolar

Back 23

contain an axon and a dentrite

Front 24

unipolar

Back 24

contain an axon

Front 25

afferent neurons

Back 25

bring information to the CNS

Front 26

efferent nuerons

Back 26

send out response from CNS

Front 27

nerves lie ____ the CNS and belong to the ______

Back 27

outside and PNS

Front 28

Somatic Afferent Fibers

Back 28

from body to CNS

Front 29

Somatic Efferent Fibers

Back 29

from CNS to body

Front 30

Visceral Afferent Fibers

Back 30

from organs to CNS

Front 31

Visceral Efferent Fibers

Back 31

from CNS to organs

Front 32

Nerve cells lose their centrioles and spindle fibers during time of _______

Back 32

birth

Front 33

action potential

Back 33

occurs when a cell becomes depolarized and a nerve impulse can result

Front 34

excitability

Back 34

the ability of nerve cells to respond to stimuli and convert them to nerve impulses

Front 35

refractory period

Back 35

the time it takes for nerve fibers to recover from the passage of a stimulus

Front 36

absolute refractory period

Back 36

does not change

Front 37

relative refractory period

Back 37

not fully, but can stimulate

Front 38

all or none principle

Back 38

if a stimulus is strong enough to generate an action potential it will be conducted along the entire nerve at a constant and maximum strength

Front 39

threshold stimulus

Back 39

contract to their fullest extent or not at all

Front 40

summation

Back 40

if 2 or more subthreshold (weaker ones)follow each other, they can join together and reach threshold resulting in an impulse

Front 41

Continous conduction

Back 41

nerve impulse that depolarizes from the site of stimulus to the end of axon

Front 42

Saltatory conduction

Back 42

nerve impulse that "jumps" from one Node of Ranvier to another

Front 43

A Fibers

Back 43

largest in size, myelinated, found where a quick response is needed

Front 44

B Fibers

Back 44

middle sized, myelinated, found in the skin and viscera

Front 45

C Fibers

Back 45

smallest, nonmylinated, found in nerve that are part of PAIN tranmission

Front 46

Synapse

Back 46

impulse from one neuron to another or to an effector(muscle or gland)

Front 47

synapse

Back 47

the area where the neuron connects with another cell