Anatomy And Physiology: General Terms

Front 1

alimentary canal

Back 1

digestive tube that consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

Front 2

anatomic position

Back 2

position of body in which the body is erect, feet slightly apart, head held high, and palms of hands facing forward

Front 3

anterior

Back 3

view facing forward

Front 4

appendicular skeleton

Back 4

Part of skeleton that includes girdles and limbs.

Upper portion includes pectoral or shoulder girdle, clavicle and scapula, and the upper extremity. Bones of the arm include humerus, radius and ulna, carpals (wrist bones), metacarpals (bones of hand), and the phalanges (bones of fingers).

Lower portion includes pelvic girdle or os coxae. Each os coxae consists of a fused ilium, ischium, and pubis. Bones of lower extremity include femur (theighbone), tibia and fibula, tarsals (ankle bones), metatarsals (bones of foot), and the phalanges.

Front 5

arterioles

Back 5

the smallest type of arteries

Front 6

axial skeleton

Back 6

28 bones of the skull = 14 facial bones + 14 bones of the cranium

Front 7

bolus

Back 7

ball of food that is formed after the food is broken down by the teeth and saliva

Front 8

cell

Back 8

basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs

Front 9

cerebellum

Back 9

part of the brain responsible for muscular coordination

Front 10

cerebrum

Back 10

part of the brain associated with movement and sensory input

Front 11

chyme

Back 11

soupy substance that is created by the stomach churning and mixing the bolus food mass

Front 12

dermis

Back 12

layer of skin that consists of the underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin structures

Front 13

distal

Back 13

Term of direction usually used in reference to limbs. Distal = further away from the point of attachment

Front 14

epidermis

Back 14

layer of skin that consists of the outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells

Front 15

erythrocytes

Back 15

red blood cells

Front 16

estrogen

Back 16

Any of several major female sex hormones produced primarily by the ovarian follicles of female mammals, capable of inducing estrus, developing and maintaining secondary female sex characteristics, and preparing the uterus for the reception of a fertilized egg.

Front 17

external respiration

Back 17

exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli

Front 18

hemopoiesis

Back 18

blood cell formation

Front 19

histology

Back 19

study of tissues

Front 20

inferior

Back 20

view from beloww

Front 21

infundibulum

Back 21

the stalk that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

Front 22

internal respiration

Back 22

exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells

Front 23

lateral

Back 23

away from the midline or toward the sides

Front 24

leukocytes

Back 24

white blood cells

Front 25

medial

Back 25

view toward the midline

Front 26

medulla oblongata

Back 26

part of the brain that controls many vital functions such as respiration and heart rate

Front 27

meiosis

Back 27

Type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction; each daughter cell receives the haploid number of chromosomes. Special cell division that occurs in gonads (ovaries and testes). Chromosome number 46 to 23, so when egg and sperm unite in fertilization the zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes.

Front 28

mitosis

Back 28

Type of cell division that produces 2 identical daughter cells. Phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Process in which DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly to 2 daughter cells.

Front 29

neuroglia

Back 29

connective tissue cells in nerve tissue

Front 30

osteoblasts

Back 30

cells that form compact bone

Front 31

platelets

Back 31

an element of blood that is active in the process of blood clotting

Front 32

posterior

Back 32

view toward the back

Front 33

progesterone

Back 33

hormone secreted by the corpus luteum, which further stimulates development of the endometrium

Front 34

proximal

Back 34

Term of direction usually used in reference to limbs. Proximal = closer to the point of attachment

Front 35

sarcomeres

Back 35

small units that make up myofibrils, which make up each muscle cell

Front 36

superior

Back 36

view from above

Front 37

synergists

Back 37

muscles that work in cooperation with the prime mover muscle

Front 38

voluntary muscles

Back 38

skeletal muscles