Anatomy And Physiology Final Exam

Front 1

The term central nervous system refers to the:

Back 1

brain and spinal cord

Front 2

What is NOT a structural feature of a neuron, but plays a critical role as a functional junction between neurons:

Back 2

synaptic cleft

Front 3

The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called:

Back 3

dendrites

Front 4

What best describes the waxy-appearing material called myelin:

Back 4

A mass of white lipid material that insulates the axon of a neuron

Front 5

Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are:

Back 5

myelinated

Front 6

An action potential:

Back 6

Is essential for nerve impulse propagation

Front 7

Immediately after an action potential is propagated, what ions rapidly diffuse out of the cell into the tissue fluid:

Back 7

potassium

Front 8

The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the:

Back 8

synapse

Front 9

The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called:

Back 9

a neurotransmitter

Front 10

The single, deep groove separating the two cerebral hemispheres is the:

Back 10

longitudinal fissure

Front 11

Lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements:

Back 11

frontal lobe

Front 12

If the specialized area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged, what is the result:

Back 12

motor control of the speech muscles is lost

Front 13

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the:

Back 13

hypothalamus

Front 14

What is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord going from superior to inferior:

Back 14

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

Front 15

The oily secretions that lubricate the eye are produced by the:

Back 15

tarsal glands

Front 16

The highly contagious bacterial infection known as "pinkeye" is caused by bacterial or viral irritation of the:

Back 16

conjunctiva

Front 17

What is NOT true about lysozyme secretion around the eye surfaces:

Back 17

It stimulates the rods and cones

Front 18

The fibrous outermost tunic seen anteriorly as the "white of the eye" is the:

Back 18

sclera

Front 19

The transparent central anterior portion of the sclera through which light enters the eye is called the:

Back 19

cornea

Front 20

THe "blind spot" where no photoreceptor cells are present is located at the:

Back 20

optic disk

Front 21

The pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes is the:

Back 21

iris

Front 22

The three sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light that are:

Back 22

blue, green, and red

Front 23

Cataracts cause hazy vision and possible eventual blindness from changes in the:

Back 23

lens

Front 24

What is NOT true of color blindness:

Back 24

It occurs most often in women

Front 25

Sound waves entering the external auditory canal hit the eardrum also known as the:

Back 25

tympanic membrane

Front 26

The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also called the:

Back 26

incus

Front 27

Receptors for taste and olfaction are classified as:

Back 27

chemoreceptors

Front 28

What is NOT a primary taste sensation:

Back 28

pungent

Front 29

What is NOT one of the major processes controlled by hormones:

Back 29

body coordination

Front 30

Hormone concentrations in the blood under normal conditions are USUALLY regulated by:

Back 30

negative feedback mechanisms

Front 31

The pituitary gland is located:

Back 31

within the "Turk's saddle" of the sphenoid bone

Front 32

Tropic hormones:

Back 32

stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones

Front 33

The hormone that triggers ovulation of an egg from the female ovary is:

Back 33

luteinizing hormone

Front 34

An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a deficiency of dietary iodine is called:

Back 34

goiter

Front 35

What is NOT a function of oxytocin:

Back 35

stimulation of menstruation

Front 36

What hormone exerts its primary effects on the reproductive organs:

Back 36

follicle-stimulating hormone

Front 37

The thyroid gland is located:

Back 37

below the Adam's apple

Front 38

The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is:

Back 38

iodine

Front 39

What is NOT a symptom of Cushing's syndrome:

Back 39

bronze skin tones

Front 40

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called:

Back 40

beta cells

Front 41

Insulin causes:

Back 41

a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose

Front 42

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is:

Back 42

melatonin

Front 43

What is NOT true of androgens:

Back 43

they stimulate the corpus luteum

Front 44

Blood is a type of what kind of body tissue:

Back 44

connective

Front 45

In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat between the formed elements and the plasma contains:

Back 45

leukocytes and platelets

Front 46

What is NOT a physical characteristic of blood:

Back 46

sweet tasting

Front 47

What does NOT describe blood plasma:

Back 47

it is the color of red wine

Front 48

What formed element is the most abundant in blood:

Back 48

erythrocytes

Front 49

Normal whole blood contains ______ g of hemoglobin per 100 mL.

Back 49

12-18

Front 50

There are an average of _______ WBCs per cubic millimeter of whole blood

Back 50

4,000-11,000

Front 51

Blood cell formation in adults occurs in all EXCEPT the:

Back 51

shaft of the femur

Front 52

The average functional lifespan of an RBC is:

Back 52

100-120 days

Front 53

An immature RBC is called a:

Back 53

reticulocyte

Front 54

The series of reactions that stop blood flow following a cut is called:

Back 54

hemostasis

Front 55

What chemical is released to bring about vasoconstriction during the vascular spasm phase of hemostasis:

Back 55

serotonin

Front 56

Blood normally clots in approximately:

Back 56

3 to 6 minutes

Front 57

The universal recipient has blood type:

Back 57

AB

Front 58

The thick layer of the heart wall that contains contractile cardiac muscle tissue is the:

Back 58

myocardium

Front 59

The atria of the heart are the chambers that are:

Back 59

located superiorly and are the receiving chambers of the heart

Front 60

What blood vessels are NOT part of the systemic circulation:

Back 60

pulmonary arteries

Front 61

When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the:

Back 61

left ventricle to the left atrium

Front 62

The superior vena cava empties:

Back 62

deoxygenated blood into the right atrium

Front 63

The crescent-shaped pacemaker of the heart that initiates depolarization under normal conditions is the:

Back 63

sinoatrial (SA) node

Front 64

A heart rate that is substantially slower than normal (less than 60 beats per minute) is called:

Back 64

bradycardia

Front 65

What is true concerning the lub-dup sounds of the heart:

Back 65

The first sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the AV valves; the second sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the semilunar valves

Front 66

The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the:

Back 66

stroke volume

Front 67

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is:

Back 67

arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

Front 68

How does the wall of a vein differ when compared to an artery:

Back 68

the middle coat is relatively thin

Front 69

The carotid artery is located in the:

Back 69

neck

Front 70

The brachial vein:

Back 70

drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein

Front 71

What area is NOT a pressure point:

Back 71

renal artery

Front 72

The conducting passageways of the respiratory system include all of the following structures EXCEPT:

Back 72

alveoli

Front 73

The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions EXCEPT:

Back 73

exchange gases

Front 74

What function does cilia of the nasal mucosa perform on contaminated mucus:

Back 74

move the mucus toward the pharynx for swallowing

Front 75

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by:

Back 75

both the hard and soft palate

Front 76

Adenoids located high in the nasopharynx are also called the:

Back 76

pharyngeal tonsils

Front 77

Vibration due to exhaled air that results in speech is a function of the:

Back 77

true vocal cords

Front 78

Cilia of the trachea that beat continually propel contaminated mucus:

Back 78

toward the throat to be swallowed or spit out

Front 79

What does NOT apply to the right main (primary) bronchus:

Back 79

It is narrower than the left bronchus

Front 80

What is NOT true of the lungs:

Back 80

both lungs have two lobes

Front 81

Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by:

Back 81

simple diffusion

Front 82

The lipid molecule critical to lung function that coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces is called:

Back 82

surfactant

Front 83

An emotionally-induced response during which air movement is similar to crying is:

Back 83

laughing

Front 84

Internal respiration is:

Back 84

gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells

Front 85

The bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the skin and mucosa is called:

Back 85

cyanosis

Front 86

Hyperventilation leads to all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 86

buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 87

What is NOT an organ of the alimentary canal:

Back 87

teeth

Front 88

What represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal:

Back 88

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Front 89

When relaxed and stretched out, the average adult alimentary canal is approximately:

Back 89

30 feet long

Front 90

When full, the average adult stomach can hold approximately:

Back 90

4 liters of food

Front 91

What is NOT true of the stomach:

Back 91

starch digestion begins here

Front 92

Intrinsic factor in digestion is a stomach secretion needed for absorption of _________ from the small intestine.

Back 92

vitamin B12

Front 93

The small intestine extends from the:

Back 93

pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

Front 94

The "gatekeeper" of the small intestine that regulates food movement into it is called the:

Back 94

pyloric sphincter

Front 95

The primary function of the small intestine is:

Back 95

absorption of nutrients

Front 96

Mumps is a common childhood disease that includes inflammation of the:

Back 96

parotid glands

Front 97

The number of permanent teeth within a full set of adult teeth is:

Back 97

32

Front 98

Buildup of bile within the liver leading to bile pigments circulating through the body could cause tissues to turn yellow and a condition called:

Back 98

jaundice

Front 99

The first nutrient to be chemically digested is:

Back 99

starch

Front 100

The journey of chyme through the small intestine takes:

Back 100

3-6 hours