Anatomy And Physiology Exam 3

Front 1

Covers palms, soles, fingers, and toes with layer of dead cells and lack of hair follicles

Back 1

Thick Skin

Front 2

Kearatinized stratified squamous epithelium organized into several strata

Back 2

The Epidermis

Front 3

Made up of stratum basale, stratum spinosum, strarum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

Back 3

The Epidermis

Front 4

consists of single layer of cubodial or columnar cells that continuously undergo mitotic cell division to produce new skin cells

Back 4

Stratum Basale

Front 5

Most abundant epidermal cells
filled with tough, fibrous keratin that protects skin from heat, microbes and chemicals, and helps to waterproof skin

Back 5

Keratinocytes

Front 6

synthesize melanin

Back 6

Melanocytes

Front 7

Responsible for skin color and also absorbs ultraviolet radiation to protect skin from damaging sunlight

Back 7

Melanin

Front 8

Touch receptors that join sensory neurons to form discs

Back 8

Merkel cells

Front 9

Consists of several layers of keratinocytes and have a spiny appearance

Back 9

Stratum Spinosom

Front 10

Consists of keratinocytes that contain dark-staining granules of protein that becomes keratin and also release waterproofing gycolipids

Back 10

Stratum Granulosum

Front 11

A thin translucent layer of dead cells found ONLY in thick skin

Back 11

Stratum Lucidum

Front 12

Consists of up to 30 layers of deadl, scaly kearatinized cells which then exfoliates as dander

Back 12

Stratum Corneum

Front 13

Connective tissue composed mainly of collagen fibers, but ealstic fibers,reticular fibers, fibroblasts, and macrophages are also present

Back 13

The Dermis

Front 14

Boundry between epidermis and dermis

Back 14

Dermal Papillae

Front 15

Formas epidermal ridges at surface of palms, fingers, soles, toes to increase grip friction

Back 15

Dermal Papillae

Front 16

Skin color is determined by interactions between

Back 16

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

Front 17

Produces variations in skin color form pale yellow to black

Back 17

Melanin

Front 18

All races have the same number of melanocytes

Back 18

True

Front 19

Patches of skin where melanin accumulates

Back 19

Freckles and Moles

Front 20

Difference in skin color is due to

Back 20

differences in amount of melanin that is produced

Front 21

Yellow-orange pigment that can accumulate in stratum corneum or sub-cutaneous fat to give skin a yellowish tint

Back 21

Carotene

Front 22

Abnormal redness due to dilation of dermal blood vessels during strenuous exercise or heat or anger or embarrassment

Back 22

Erythema

Front 23

Blueness of skin due to insufficient oxygen in the blood because of airway obstructions or lung disease or cold weather

Back 23

Cyanosis

Front 24

Yellowing of skin and whites of eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in blood because liver is unable dispose of bilirubin

Back 24

Jaundice

Front 25

Pale skin due to reduced dermal blood flow because of low blood pressure or shock or anemia or emotional stress

Back 25

Pallor

Front 26

A genetic defect that prevents individual from synthesizing melanin causing pale skin, white hair and pink eyes

Back 26

Albinism

Front 27

Bruses or visible blood clot resulting from trauma to skin

Back 27

Hematoma

Front 28

Covers all skin surfaces ecept palms, soles, eyelids, lips and nipples

Back 28

Hair

Front 29

Three layers of hair

Back 29

inner medulla contains pigment granules and air spaces
cortex consists of densely packed keratinized cells
cuticle is single layer of overlaping scaly cells

Front 30

Hair texture is due to cross-sectional shape of hairs

Back 30

True

Front 31

Muscle consisting of smooth muscle cells is associated with each hair

Back 31

Arrector pili muscle

Front 32

Plates of hard keratinized cells that form protective coverings over dorsal surface of terminal portion of fingers and toes to help grasp and manipulate small objects

Back 32

Nails

Front 33

Usually connected to hair follicles, although some open directly to skin surface

Back 33

Sebaceous glands

Front 34

Secrete oily sebum to keep hair from drying out and turning brittle to keep skin soft and moist and to inhibit growth of bacteria

Back 34

Sebaceous glands

Front 35

Modified sweat glands in outer ear canal that produce waxy cerumen to provide sticky barrier against entrance of foreign bodies

Back 35

Ceruminous glands

Front 36

produce mixture of water, salts and organic compounds

Back 36

Sudoriferous glands

Front 37

located in armpits, pubic area, breasts, and beard area of mature males where their ducts lead to nearby hair follicles rather than skin surface

Back 37

Apocrine sweat glands

Front 38

Produce viscous perspiration with organic substances that can be source of body odor

Back 38

Apocrine sweat gland

Front 39

Don't develop until puberty and respond to emotional stress or sexual arousal

Back 39

Apocrine sweat gland

Front 40

prevents dehydration and absorption of excess water

Back 40

Keratin

Front 41

provides some prtection against damage from ultraviolet radiation

Back 41

Melanin

Front 42

Provides protective physical barrier against abrasion

Back 42

Skin

Front 43

Makes it difficult for epidermal bacteria to multiply

Back 43

anti-bacterial substances in sebum/sweat

Front 44

Skin's ability to absorb certain drugs and/or chemicals across epidermis

Back 44

Transdermal absorption

Front 45

can be absorbed to relieve heart pain

Back 45

nitroglycerine

Front 46

can be absorbed to reduce motion sickness

Back 46

Scopolamine

Front 47

Can be used to quit smoking

Back 47

Nicotine patches

Front 48

Can be absorbed for purposes of birth control

Back 48

Hormones

Front 49

Can be hazardous if absorbed

Back 49

toxins from poison ivy, organic solvents and metal salts

Front 50

helps convert cholesterol into vitimin D

Back 50

Ultraviolet light

Front 51

hypothalamus signals dermal blood vessels to constrict to reduce blood flow and conserve heat

Back 51

Extreme cold triggers

Front 52

signals sweat glands to increase perspiration and cool body as sweat evaporates

Back 52

Excessive heat triggers

Front 53

dermal blood vessels dialte and blood flow increases so more heat can be released

Back 53

Excessive heat triggers

Front 54

replaces dead or damaged cells with same cell type restoring normal functioni

Back 54

Regeneration

Front 55

replaces damaged tissue with scar tissue of collagen fibers so normal function is altered

Back 55

Fibrosis

Front 56

During an inflammatory phase, mast cells escape from damaged blood vessels and release _______ to increase blood flow to wound

Back 56

Histamine

Front 57

Blood clot forms and scabs over to temporarily seal wound

Back 57

Migratory phase

Front 58

Macrophages enter wound and phagocytize cellular debris

Back 58

Migratory phase

Front 59

New capillaries develop and fibroblasts deposit collagen into blood clot

Back 59

Proliferative Phase

Front 60

tissue that fills wound

Back 60

Granulation tissue

Front 61

Surface epithelial cells multiply and loosen scab until it falls off

Back 61

Maturation phase