Vocabulary, Chemistry Review, Plasma Membrane

Front 1

homeostasis

Back 1

condition in which the bodies internal environment remains relatively stable

Front 2

physiological set point

Back 2

ideal value for homeostasis

ex:

98.6' human body temp

Front 3

physiological range

Back 3

normal range of values to maintain homeostasis

ex:

pH of blood= 7.35- 7.45

Front 4

feedback loop

Back 4

system to maintain homeostasis

Front 5

negative feedback loop

Back 5

self correcting and self limiting

ex:

regulating body temp

Front 6

positive feedback loop

Back 6

self stimulating and does NOT shut off on its own, need something outside itself

ex:

childbirth

Front 7

kinetic energy

Back 7

energy of movement

Front 8

potential energy

Back 8

stored energy

Front 9

chemical potential

Back 9

chemical bond

chemical gradient

Front 10

electrical potential

Back 10

separation of electrical charge across the plasma membrane

Front 11

elastic/ mechanical potential

Back 11

stretch and recoil

Front 12

ionic bond

Back 12

chemical bond where one or more electrons are completely transferred to another atom

Front 13

covalent bond

Back 13

chemical bond where one or more electrons are shared between two atoms

Front 14

polar molecule

Back 14

electrons spend more time near one atom, creating weak negative and weak positive regions

ex:

water

Front 15

non polar molecule

Back 15

electrons are evenly distributed, neutral

ex:

lipids

Front 16

hydrogen bond

Back 16

weak electrical interactions between polar molecules

H bonds are important!

3D structure of proteins, DNA

Front 17

amphipathic molecule

Back 17

consists of non color and polar regions

ex:

phospholipids

Front 18

buffer

Back 18

substance added to a solution that protects it from changes in pH

Front 19

cholesterol and steroids

Back 19

lipids

endocrine control= hormones and signaling

Front 20

prostaglandins

Back 20

complex chains and rings of lipids

signaling and immune response

Front 21

proteins

Back 21

composed of amino acids with peptide bonds

structure, enzymes, signalling, hormones...

energy

Front 22

primary

protein structure

Back 22

amino acid sequence determined by DNA

Front 23

secondary

protein structure

Back 23

interactions between nearby AAs in sequence

folding and twisting, pleated sheet, helix

Front 24

tertiary

protein structure

Back 24

3D folding of strand, dependent of H bonds

conformation is the functional shape

Front 25

quaternary

protein structure

Back 25

two or more protein subunits folded together into 3D structure- conformation

Front 26

prion

Back 26

incorrectly folded protein

Front 27

nucleic acids

Back 27

DNA, RNA, ATP

sugar, phosphate, N- base

Front 28

synthesis reactions

Back 28

anabolic

smaller substance bound together to into larger substance

*requires energy*

ex: protein synthesis

Front 29

decomposition reaction

Back 29

catabolic

large substance converted into a smaller substance by breaking a chemical bond

releases energy

ex: ATP --> ADP + Pi + energy

Front 30

reversible reactions

Back 30

can be synthesis or decomposition

Front 31

ion channel

Back 31

membrane protein

conformation of protein has channel through it; allows specific ions to pass across membrane

Front 32

transport protein

Back 32

membrane protein

contains binding site for a specific protein

Front 33

receptor protein

Back 33

membrane protein

cell communication, signaling; change in conformation

Front 34

enzyme

Back 34

membrane protein

contains binding site for specific substrate, causes change in conformation, catalyses chm. reaction

Front 35

linkage protein

Back 35

membrane protein

binds to substance inside or outside cell

Front 36

cell identity protein

Back 36

membrane protein

glycoproteins

self- identification- identifies cell belonging to body, unique to each person

Front 37

tight junction

Back 37

membrane junction

both cells have linkage proteins in membrane that binds to each other

blocks movement of fluids and solutes between cells

Front 38

gap junction

Back 38

membrane junction

both cells have ion channels in membranes, which bind together

ions can flow from one cell to another

ex: nervous system

Front 39

anchoring junction

Back 39

both cells have fibers extended between cells that bind together; hold cells NEAR each other

ex: desmosome

Front 40

diffusion

Back 40

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

from high concentration to low concentration

simple diffusion

facilitated diffusion: channel mediated and carrier mediated

Front 41

active transport

Back 41

movement of a substance against the concentration gradient

from low concentration to high concentration

*requires transport protein*

primary active transport and secondary active transport

Front 42

symport

Back 42

substance moving in the same direction

Front 43

anti port

Back 43

substance moving in the opposite direction

Front 44

osmosis

Back 44

diffusion of water

water moves from high conc. to low conc.

water moves from low solutes to high solutes

Front 45

vesicular transport

Back 45

movement of a substance in membrane bound vesicle

phagocytosis, endocytosis, exocytosis

Front 46

membrane potential

Back 46

-70mV charge

separation of electrical charge across membrane

resting cells= - charge

can be used to do work

created and maintained by ion gradient

Front 47

Na+ ion concentrations

Back 47

outside cell: 136-146

inside cell: 10-15

Front 48

K+ ion concentrations

Back 48

outside cell: 3.5-5

inside cell: 140-150

Front 49

Ca+ ion concentrations

Back 49

outside cell: 2.2- 2.6

inside cell: 10^4- 10^7