Anatomy And Physiology Chp 4 And 5

Front 1

The information that instructs a cell to synthesize a particular protein is held in a sequence of building blocks...

Back 1

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Front 2

The complete set of instructions in a cell.

Back 2

Genome

Front 3

The portion of DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making a particular protein is called a...

Back 3

Gene?

Front 4

How many polynucleotide chains does a DNA molecule consist of?

Back 4

2 - Making it double-stranded

Front 5

A DNA nucleotide base may be one of four types?

Back 5

A - adenine
T - thymine
C - cytosine
G - guanine

Front 6

ATGCTGGCCC

Duplicate this DNA strand

Back 6

A T G C T G G C C C
T A C G A C C G G G

Front 7

Where does protein synthesis occur

Back 7

Cytoplasm

Front 8

How does the DNA get out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm

Back 8

RNA (Transcription to be exact)

Front 9

In place of Thymine (T) nucleotides in DNA, what nucleotide does RNA have

Back 9

U - uracil

Front 10

What is the process of copying DNA information into an RNA sequence?

Back 10

Transcription

Front 11

T A C C C G A G G

What is the corresponding RNA strand

Back 11

T A C C C G A G G
A U G G G C U C C

Front 12

What delivers information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Back 12

mRNA

Front 13

What are the 4 types of tissues

Back 13

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Front 14

What anchors epithelial tissue to connective tissue

Back 14

Basement membrane

Front 15

What are some characteristics or epithelial tissue

Back 15

Covers the body surface and organs
Forms inner lining of body cavities
Lines hollow organs
Lack blood vessels
Heal rapidly
Tightly packed
classified according to their shape and number of layers of cells

Front 16

Consist of a single layer of thin, flattened cells

Back 16

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Front 17

Lines the air sacs of the lungs and forms the walls of capillaries, lines the insides of blood and lymph vessels and covers the membranes that line body cavities. Easily damaged

Back 17

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Front 18

Consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells. Lines the follicles of the thyroid gland, covers the ovaries, and lines the kidney tubules and ducts of certain glands i.e. pancreas adn liver

Back 18

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Front 19

Composed of a single layer of elongated cells whose nuclei are usually about the same level, near teh basement membrane

Back 19

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Front 20

cells that appear stratified or layered due to the nuclei being at 2 or more levels in the row of aligned cells. Lines the passages of the respiratory system. Uses cilia to move mucus upward and out of the airways

Back 20

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Front 21

Consist of many layers of cells. cells near the free surface are flat with deeper layers are more cuboidal.

Back 21

Stratified Squamous

Front 22

Lines the oral cavity, esophagus, vagina, and anal canal

Back 22

Stratified Squamous

Front 23

Consists of 2 - 3 layers of cuboidal cells that form the lining of the lumen. Lines larger ducts of mammary, sweat, and salivary glands and teh pancreas.

Back 23

Stratified Cuboidal

Front 24

Consists of several layers of cells. Superficial cells are elongated and found in part of the male urethra, ductus deferens and in part of the pharynx

Back 24

Stratified Columnar

Front 25

Type of tissue that changes in response to increased tension

Back 25

Transitional Epithelium

Front 26

Composed of protein fibers and ground substance consisting of nonfibrous protein and other molecules and fluid

Back 26

Extracellular Matrix

Front 27

The most common type of fixed cell in connective tissue

Back 27

Fibroblasts

Front 28

The most common type of fixed cell in connective tissues. Large star shaped cells

Back 28

Fibroblasts

Front 29

This tissue has an abundance of extracellular matrix

Back 29

Connective Tissue

Front 30

Specialized cells that carry on phagocytosis

Back 30

Macrophages

Front 31

Cells that release heparin (a compound that prevents blood clotting) and histamine (a substance that promotes reactions associated with inflammation and allergies)

Back 31

Mast Cells

Front 32

Important components of body parts that hold structures together such as ligaments and tendons

Back 32

Collagenous fibers

Front 33

Whats the difference between mutation and a SNP (Single Nucleotide polymorphism)

Back 33

A mutation affects the person in a noticeable or detectable way.
SNP has no detectable change from what is considered the norm

Front 34

How to mutations arise?

Back 34

Spontaneously or in response to a mutagen i.e. radiation, UV light, ore exposure to certain chemicals

Front 35

What are the 4 types of intercellular junctions?

Back 35

Tight - Membranes converge and fuse
Desmosome - spot welding between membranes
Gap - Tubular channels between cells to allow exchange of substances

Front 36

Distinguish between exocrine and endocrine glands

Back 36

Exocrine - secrete substance into open surfaces i.e skin or digestive track

Endocrine - secrete substances into tissue fluid or blood

Front 37

Distinguish between serous cell and mucous cell

Back 37

serous - secret fluid which is watery and high in enzymes

Mucous - secrete mucus and rich in glycoproteins