Anatomy And Physiology Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Front 1

matter

Back 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Front 2

mass

Back 2

the amount of matter in an object

Front 3

weight

Back 3

the gravity force acting on an object of a given mass

Front 4

element

Back 4

the simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties. 112 elements are known.

Front 5

atom

Back 5

the smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element. an element is composed of atoms of only one kind.

Front 6

neutrons

Back 6

one of the three subatomic particles of an atom. has no electrical charge

Front 7

protons

Back 7

one of the three subatomic paricles of an atom. has a poitive charge.

Front 8

electron

Back 8

one of the three subatomic paricles of an atom. has a negative charge.

Front 9

nucleus of an atom

Back 9

formed by protons and neutrons
has electrons moving around it

Front 10

electron cloud

Back 10

the region where an electron is most likely to be found.

Front 11

atomic number

Back 11

is equal to the number of protons in each atom. also indicates the number of electrons because #of protons = #of electrons

Front 12

mass number

Back 12

number of protons plus the number of neutrons is an atom

Front 13

isotopes

Back 13

two or more forms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

Front 14

chemical bonding

Back 14

when the otermost electrons are transferred or shared between atoms

Front 15

Ion

Back 15

a charged particle

Front 16

cations

Back 16

positvely charged ions

Front 17

anions

Back 17

negatively charged ions

Front 18

ionic bonding

Back 18

oppositely charged ions attracted to each other and remain close together.

Front 19

covalent bonding

Back 19

when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Front 20

nonpolar covalent bonds

Back 20

electrons are shared equally between atoms

Front 21

polar covalent bonds

Back 21

electrons are shared unequally between atoms.

Front 22

molecule

Back 22

when two or more atoms chemically combine to form a structure that behaves as an independent unit. atoms can be the same or diffent types.

Front 23

compound

Back 23

substance composed of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically combined

Front 24

molecular mass

Back 24

determined by adding up the atomic masses of its atoms

Front 25

intermolecular force

Back 25

weak electostatic attraction between the oppositely charged parts of molecules or ions and molecules

Front 26

hydrogen bond

Back 26

when positively charged hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to hte negatively charge oxygen, nitrogen, or fluoringe of another molecule.

Front 27

solubility

Back 27

ability of one substance to dissolve in another

Front 28

dissociate

Back 28

when ionic compounds dissolve in water

Front 29

electrolytes

Back 29

cations and anions that dissociate in water. have the ability to conduct an electric current.

Front 30

nonelectrolytes

Back 30

molecules that do not dissociate form solutions that do not conduct electricity

Front 31

chemical reation

Back 31

when atoms, ions, molecules, or compounds interact either to form or to break chemical bonds

Front 32

reactants

Back 32

substances that enter into a chemical reaction

Front 33

products

Back 33

substances that result from a chemical reaction

Front 34

synthesis reaction

Back 34

when two or more reactants chemically combine to form a new and larger product

Front 35

dehydration reaction

Back 35

a synthesis reaction in which water is a product

Front 36

anabolism

Back 36

all synthesis reactions that occur within the body collectively

Front 37

decomposition reaction

Back 37

reverse of a synthesis recation

Front 38

hydrolysis

Back 38

reaction that uses water to split a molecule into two parts

Front 39

catabolism

Back 39

decomposition reactions that occur in the body collectively

Front 40

metabolism

Back 40

all anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body collectively

Front 41

reversible reaction

Back 41

chemical reaction in which the reaction can proceed from reactants to products or from products to reactants

Front 42

equilibrium

Back 42

when the rate of product formation is equal to the rate of the referse reaction

Front 43

oxidation

Back 43

the loss of an electon by an atom

Front 44

reduction

Back 44

the gain of that electron by another atom