Anatomy And Physiology Ch. 8

Front 1

Flat Bone

Back 1

epicondoyle

Front 2

maxilla

Back 2

ulna

Front 3

Articular Cartilage

cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones

Back 3

Friction reducing structure found on the surface of the epipysis

Front 4

Medullary cavity

Back 4

Hollow center of the shaft of a long bone

yellow bone marrow

Front 5

Haversian system

Back 5

Microscopic unit of a compact bone, also called an osteon

Front 6

Haversian system

Back 6

a haversian canal with the concentrically arranged laminae of bone that surround it -- called also osteon

Front 7

Osteoblast

Back 7

a bone-forming cell

Front 8

diaphysis

Back 8

Shaft of a long bone

Front 9

epiphysis

Back 9

The end of a long bone

Front 10

periosteum

Back 10

tough outer connective tissue that covers the diaphysis of a long bone

Front 11

epiphyseal disc

growth plate

Back 11

band of hyaline cartilage associated with the longitudinal bone growth
also called growth plate

Front 12

Bone marrow

Back 12

blood cell making part of process

Front 13

Articular

Back 13

Of or relating to a joint

Relates to joint

Front 14

Osteo

Back 14

Bone

Front 15

epi

Back 15

Main Entry: epi-
Variant(s): or ep-
Function: prefix
: upon <epibulbar> : besides <epiphenomenon> : attached to <epididymis> : outer <epiblast> : after <epigenesis>

Front 16

Peri

Back 16

Main Entry: peri-
Function: prefix
1 : near : around <perimenopausal>
2 : enclosing : surrounding <perineurium>

Front 17

Medulary

Back 17

1 a : of or relating to the medulla of any body part or organ b : containing, consisting of, or resembling bone marrow c : of or relating to the medulla oblongata or the spinal cord d : of, relating to, or formed of the dorsally located embryonic ectoderm destined to sink below the surface and become neural tissue
2 : resembling bone marrow in consistency -- used of cancers

Front 18

Hollow center of shaft of a long bone

Back 18

Medullar Cavity

Front 19

Osteoblast

Back 19

Bone forming cell

Front 20

Osteoclast

Back 20

any of the large multinucleate cells closely associated with areas of bone resorption (as in a fracture that is healing)

Front 21

Osteoclasis

Back 21

the breaking of a bone as a step in the correction of a deformity

Front 22

flat bone

Back 22

any of various bones (as of the skull, (forms the frontal bone)the jaw, the pelvis, or the rib cage) not rounded in cross section

Front 23

Epicondyle

*Bone Projections/Process

Back 23

Rounded enlargement near or above a condoyle

one on the outer aspect of the distal part of the humerus or proximal to the lateral condyle of the femur --

Front 24

Foramen

*Depressions/Openings in Bones

Back 24

a small opening, perforation, or orifice

serves as a passageway for bloodvessels

Front 25

Meatus

*Depressions/Openings in Bones

Back 25

a natural body passage ,
tunnull of tubelike passage

Front 26

Sinus

*Depressions/Openings in Bones

Back 26

Cavity or hollow space

Front 27

Head

*Bone Projections/Process

Back 27

Large Ball shaped process that forms a freely moveable joint (the proximal end of the humerous that fits into the cavity of a scapula at the shoulder

a projection or extremity : the rounded proximal end of a long bone (as the humerus)

Front 28

trochanter

*Bone Projections/Process

Back 28

a large tubercle (tuberosity)
found only on the femur

Front 29

Tubercle

*Bone Projections/Process

Back 29

a knoblike projection

Front 30

What is a projection

Back 30

A projection is a diagram or figure formed by projection

Front 31

Process

Back 31

a natural progressively continuing operation or development marked by a series of gradual changes that succeed one another in a relatively fixed way and lead toward a particular result or end

Front 32

Depression/Openings

Back 32

*a displacement downward or inward <depression of the jaw
: an act or instance of making or becoming open
2 : something (as an anatomical aperture) that is open or opens
*

Front 33

Suture

"Joints"

Back 33

An immoveable zipperlike joint

the line of union in an immovable articulation (as between the bones of the skull); also : such an articulation b : a furrow at the junction of adjacent bodily parts

Front 34

Joints

articulation

Back 34

Joints are named to provide information as to the articulation or bones that they connect to.

Front 35

Hinge

Back 35

Type of joint formed at the elbow

a joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

Front 36

Ball and Socket

Back 36

Type of joint in which the head of the humerous articulates with the glenoid cavity

Front 37

Femur articulates with the acetubelum

Back 37

Ball and socket joint

Front 38

Type of joint formed at the distal finger bones

Back 38

hinge

Front 39

Movement away from midline of body

Back 39

abduction

Front 40

Movement toward the midline of body

Back 40

ADDuction

Front 41

Pronation


Down Boy

Back 41

turning the hand so palm is down

Front 42

Plantar Flexion

Back 42

bending the foot toward the leg

Front 43

Plantar

Back 43

relating to, or typical of the sole of the foot <the plantar aspect of the foot>

Front 44

Flexion

Back 44

Angle of Joint Decreases

a forward raising of the arm or leg by a movement at the shoulder or hip joint

Front 45

Immoveable Joint

Back 45

Type of joint in which Frontal bones articulate with the Parietal bones

Parietal of or relating to the walls of a part or cavity --

Front 46

Types of joints

Back 46

Immoveable
slightly moveable
Freely Moveable

Front 47

Immoveable Joint

Cranial bones

Back 47

"suture or zipper"

Front 48

Slightly Immoveable Joint

Disc or Cartilage between two bones

Back 48

Permit limited movement,
Disc or cartilage between bones
usually achieved by bones connected by a cartlageous disc. intervertabral disc

Front 49

Freely Moveable

Synovial Joints

Back 49

Flexibility and movement,
Shoulder(scapula and humerus) Hip; Femur and pelvic Elbow humerus and ulna;
Knee, femur and tibia; fingers
Atlas and Axis, thumb, carpals, and temporal/mandible (jaw) knuckles

Front 50

Synovial

Back 50

: of, relating to, or secreting synovial fluid <synovial effusion>; also : lined with synovial membrane <a synovial bursa> <synovial tendon sheaths>

Front 51

Freely moveable Joints

Back 51

Ball and Socket
hinge
pivot
saddle
gliding
condyloid

Front 52

Mandible

Back 52

forms the chin

Front 53

Condoyle

Back 53

Round Process

Front 54

trochanter

Back 54

large flat process

Front 55

Femur

Back 55

Largest bone in the body

the proximal bone of the hind or lower limb that is the longest and largest bone in the human body, extends from the hip to the knee, articulates above with the acetabulum by a rounded head connected with the shaft of the bone by an oblique neck bearing a pair of trochanters for the attachment of muscles, and articulates with the tibia below by a pair of condyles -- called also thigh bone

Front 56

Clavicle

Back 56

a bone of the pectoral girdle that links the scapula and sternum, is situated just above the first rib on either side of the neck, and has the form of a narrow elongated S -- called also collarbone

Front 57

Scapula

Back 57

Wing bone contains the glenoid cavity in which the head of the humerous fits

Front 58

glenoid cavity

Back 58

the shallow cavity of the upper part of the scapula by which the humerus articulates with the pectoral girdle

Front 59

Consists of the illium, ischium, and pubis

Back 59

coxxal bone

Front 60

The atlas, sacrum, coccyx

Back 60

vertabrae

Front 61

Bone of the Forearm

Back 61

Ulna

Front 62

Home of the upper teeth

Back 62

Maxilla

Front 63

Fontanells

Back 63

Little fountain, found in the fetal skull

Front 64

Collarbone

Back 64

clavicle

Front 65

Tibia

Tib
Thick inner Bone

Back 65

Shin bone of the leg
Tib
Thick inner Bone
*fibuLA is lateral to the tibula

Front 66

Temporal

Back 66

Two temporal bones, one on each side of the head, commonly called the temples

Front 67

ulna

Back 67

Contains the pointy olecranon process

(elbow)

Front 68

occipital

Back 68

Cranial bone located on the back base of skull; forms the floor and the back wall of

Front 69

coccal bone

Back 69

r

Front 70

phalanges

Back 70

r

Front 71

calcaneus

Back 71

r

Front 72

carpuls

Back 72

f

Front 73

fibula

Back 73

g

Front 74

ribs

Back 74

.

Front 75

Three Types of Muscles

Back 75

Skeletal Muscle
Smooth
Cardiac

Front 76

Skeletal Muscle

Striated and Voluntary

Back 76

Generally attatched to the bone because skeletal muscle can be controlled by choice, appear striped, striated

Front 77

Smooth Muscle

Non Striated and INVoluntary

Back 77

Found in the walls of viscera wall such as stomach, sometimes called visceral muscles. Also found in tubes, breathing passages and blood vessels. Functions automatically and is called an involuntary muscle

Front 78

Cardiac Muscles

Striated and InVoluntary

Back 78

Found in heart,

Front 79

Must be supplied by a somatic motor nerve

Back 79

skeletal muscle

Front 80

Contains intercalated discs

Back 80

Cardiac muscle

Front 81

Attatched to boned

Back 81

Skeletal Muscle

Front 82

Only type of muscle that is Non striated

Back 82

Smooth

Front 83

Aponeurosis

from apo- + neuron sinew — more at nerve

Back 83

a broad flat sheet of dense fibrous collagenous connective tissue that covers, invests, and forms the terminations and attachments of various muscles

Front 84

Fascicles

a small bundle

Back 84

small bundles of muscle fibers

Front 85

Tetanus

sustained muscle contraction and / muscle does not relax

Back 85

prolonged contraction of a muscle resulting from a series of motor impulses following one another too rapidly to permit intervening relaxation of the muscle

Front 86

Origin

attatchement to a more Stationary Bone

Back 86

the more fixed, central, or larger attachment of a muscle—

Front 87

Insertion

muscle attatchment to a more moveable bone

Back 87

the part of a muscle by which it is attached to the part to be moved

Front 88

Recruitment

Back 88

Refers to the increase in muscle contraction due to the stimulation of additional muscle fibers

Front 89

Tendon

cordlike structure that attatches muscle to bone

Back 89

a tough cord or band of dense white fibrous connective tissue that unites a muscle with some other part, transmits the force which the muscle exerts, and is continuous with the connective-tissue epimysium and perimysium of the muscle and when inserted into a bone with the periosteum of the bone

Front 90

Acetylcholine

NMJ

Neurotransmitter at the Neuromuscular joint

Back 90

active in the transmission of nerve impulses, and formed enzymatically in the tissues from choline

Front 91

Axon terminal

Back 91

location of vesicles that store the neurotransmitter

Front 92

Acetylcholinesterase

ERASE

Back 92

The enzyme that terminates the effects of the neurotransmitter at the NMJ

Front 93

Myosin

Thick fillament

Back 93

Muscle protein that interacts with actin to cause muscle contraction

Front 94

Actin

Thin fillament

Back 94

Contractile protein within muscle also called thin fillament

Front 95

Sarcomere

Back 95

A contractile unit of a muscle extending from zline to z line; contains contractile proteins actin and myosin

Front 96

Transverse Tubule

Back 96

An extension of the muscle cell membrane that Penetrates into the Interior of the muscle; the electrical signal runs along the membrane toward the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 97

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Calcium is stored

Back 97

The specialized endoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle and skeletal striated muscle that functions especially as a storage and release area for calcium

Front 98

calcium

Back 98

released by the Sarcoplasmic reticulum to allow for interaction between actin and myosin

Front 99

Energy source for muscle contraction

Back 99

ATP

Front 100

Sacrcomere shortening occurs when myosin slides past this contractile protein

Back 100

Actin

Front 101

Refers to the inability of actin an myiosin to disconnect following death

Back 101

Rigor Mortis

Front 102

Vastus

Back 102

the division of the quadriceps muscle that covers the outer anterior aspect of the femur, arises chiefly from the femur, and inserts into the outer border of the patella by a flat tendon which blends with that of the other divisions of the muscle and sends an expansion to the capsule of the knee—called also vastus externus

Front 103

Brevus

Back 103

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Front 104

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Back 104

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