Anatomy And Physiology Ch 12

Front 1

Consists of a group of glands that produces regulatory chemicals called hormones

Back 1

Endocrine system

Front 2

These two systems work together to control and coordinate all the systems of the body

Back 2

Endocrine system
Nervous system

Front 3

Chemical messengers that have specific regulatory effects on certain cells or organs

Back 3

Hormones

Front 4

Hormones that affect many tissues

Back 4

Growth hormone
Thyroid hormone
Insulin

Front 5

Hormones that affect only specific tissues

Back 5

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 6

Hormone that acts only on the thyroid gland

Back 6

TSH

Front 7

Hormone that stimulates only the outer portion of the adrenal gland

Back 7

ACTH

Front 8

The specific tissue acted on by each hormone

Back 8

target tissue

Front 9

These hormones are proteins or related compounds also made of amino acids

Back 9

Amino acid compounds

Front 10

Hormones fall into these two categories

Back 10

Amino acid compounds
Steroids

Front 11

All hormones except those of the adrenal cortex and the sex glands fall into this category

Back 11

Amino acid compound

Front 12

these hormones are types of lipids derived from the steroid cholesterol

Back 12

Steroids

Front 13

Can be recognized by the ending -one, as in progesterone, testosterone

Back 13

Steroids

Front 14

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex and the sex glands

Back 14

Steroids

Front 15

The method most commonly used to regulate hormone levels

Back 15

Negative feedback

Front 16

Hormone cycle of the adrenal cortex follow this pattern

Back 16

24 hours
highest before getting up in morning
lowest right before bed

Front 17

tissues other than the endocrine glands that produce hormones

Back 17

Brain
Digestive organs
Kidneys

Front 18

A small gland avout the size of a cherry; divided into two parts the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe

Back 18

Pituitary
hypophysis

Front 19

Commonly used when refering to the pituitary gland because it releases hormones that affect the working of other glands

Back 19

Master gland

Front 20

Hormones produced in the anterior pituitary are not released until these chemical messengers arrive from the hypothalamus

Back 20

Releasing hormones

Front 21

Hormone that causes contraction of uterine muscle; causes ejection of milk from mamary glands

Back 21

Oxytocin

Front 22

Hormone that stimulates liver to release glucose, thereby increasing blood sugar levels

Back 22

Glucagon

Front 23

Two hormones of the posterior pituitary

Back 23

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oyxitocin

Front 24

Hormone that acts directly on most body tissues, promoting protein manufacture that is essential for growth

Back 24

Growth Hormone (GH)

Front 25

Hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce throid hormones

Back 25

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Front 26

Hormone that stimulates the production of hormones in the cortex of the adrenal glands

Back 26

Adrenocorticotopic Hormone (ACTH)

Front 27

Hormone that stimulates the production of milk in the breasts

Back 27

Prolactin (PRL)

Front 28

Hormone that stimulates the development of eggs in the ovaries and sperm cells in the testes

Back 28

Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Front 29

Hormone that causes ovulation in females and sex hormone secretion in both males and females

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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Front 30

Hormones that act on the gonads to regulate growth, development, and function of the reproductive systems in both males and females

Back 30

Gonadotropins

Front 31

Hormone that promotes the reabsorbtion of water from te kidney tubules and thus decrease water excretion

Back 31

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Front 32

the largest of the endocrine glands; has two roughly oval lobes on either side of the larynx connected by a narrow band called an isthmus

Back 32

Thyroid

Front 33

The principle hormone produced by the thyroid; contains 4 iodine atom in each molecule; increase energy metabolism and protein metabolism

Back 33

Thyroxine (T4)

Front 34

Other hormone produced by the thyroid; contains 3 iodine atoms in each molecule; increases energy metabolism and protein metabolism

Back 34

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Front 35

Another hormone produced by the thyroid, active in calcium metabolism

Back 35

Calcitonin

Front 36

The uniform overgrowth of the thyroid gland

Back 36

Simple goiter

Front 37

An irregular-appearing goiter accompanied by tumor formation

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Adenomatous or nodular goiter

Front 38

Underactivity of the thyroid

Back 38

hypothyroidism

Front 39

A condition resulting from hypothyroidism in infants and children

Back 39

Infantile hypothyroidism or cretinism

Front 40

Disorder that results from thyroid atrophy in an adult

Back 40

Myxedema

Front 41

overactivity of the thyroid gland with excessive secretion of hormone

Back 41

Hyperthyroidism

Front 42

Common form of hyperthyroidism characterized by a goiter, a strained appearance of the face, intensive nervousness, weight loss, a rapid pulse, sweating, tremors, and an abnormally quick metabolism

Back 42

Graves Disease

Front 43

Protrusion of the eyes caused by swelling of the tissue behind the eyes

Back 43

exophthalmos

Front 44

An exaggerated form of hyperthyroidism with a sudden onset

Back 44

Thyroid storm

Front 45

Hormone that promotes calcium release from bone tissue, thus increasing the amount of calcium circulating in the bloodstream

Back 45

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Front 46

The active form of vitamin D used along with PTH and calcitonin to regulate calcium balance

Back 46

Calcitriol

Front 47

Series of muscle contractions involving the face and hands due to a low concentration of blood calcium

Back 47

Tetany

Front 48

Two small glands located atop the kidneys

Back 48

Adrenal glands

Front 49

Inner area of the adrenal gland

Back 49

Medulla

Front 50

Outer portion of the adrenal gland

Back 50

Cortex

Front 51

Effects of fight-or-flight hormones

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Stimulation of the involuntary muscle in the walls of the arterioles
Conversion of glycogen stored in the liver into glucose
Increase in the heart rate
Increase in the metabolic rate of body cells
Dilation of the bronchioles

Front 52

Maintain the carbohydrate reserve if the body by stimulating the liver to convert amino acids into glucose instead of protein

Back 52

Glucocorticoids

Front 53

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

Back 53

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Sex Hormones

Front 54

Major hormone in the glucocorticoid group

Back 54

Cortisol

Front 55

Important in the regulation of electrolyte balance

Back 55

Mineralocorticoid

Front 56

Major hormone in the mineralocorticoid group

Back 56

Aldosterone

Front 57

Disease characterized chiefly by muscle atrophy, weakness, skin pigmentation, and disturbances in salt and water balance

Back 57

Addison disease

Front 58

Hypersecretion of cortisol; symptoms include obesity, with a round face, thin skin that bruses easily, muscle weakness, bone loss, and elevated blood sugar

Back 58

Cushing syndrome

Front 59

Cells that make up the endocrine portion of the pancreas

Back 59

Islets

Front 60

The most important hormone secreted by the islets; lowers blood sugar levels

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Insulin

Front 61

Active in the transport of glucose across plasma membranes, increasing cellular glucose uptake

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Insulin

Front 62

Hormone produced by islets that works with insulin to regulate blood sugar levels; increases blood sugar levels

Back 62

Glucagon

Front 63

Mass of lymphoid tissue that lies in the upper part of the chest superior to the heart; important in the development of immunity

Back 63

Thymus gland

Front 64

Hormone secreted by the thymus gland; assists in the maturation of certain white blood cells (T cells)

Back 64

Thymosin

Front 65

A small, flattened, coneshaped structure located posterior to the midbrain and connected to the roof of the third ventricle

Back 65

Pineal gland

Front 66

Hormone produced by the pineal gland; influences the regulation of sleep-wake cycles

Back 66

Melatonin

Front 67

A group of local hormones made by most body tissues

Back 67

Prostagalndins

Front 68

Hormone used for the treatment of children with a deficiency of this hormone

Back 68

Growth hormone

Front 69

Hormone used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Back 69

Insulin

Front 70

Hormones used for the relief of inflammation in such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis

Back 70

Adrenal steroids

Front 71

Hormone used for stimulation of the heart muscle when rapid response is required

Back 71

Epinephrine

Front 72

Hormones used in the treatment of hypothyroid conditions

Back 72

Thyroid hormones

Front 73

Hormone used in severe chronic illness to aid tissue building and promote healing

Back 73

Androgens

Front 74

Hormones uses as oral contraceptives and as treatment for menopause

Back 74

Estrogen
Progestrogen

Front 75

Pineal

Back 75

1

Front 76

Pituitary

Back 76

2

Front 77

Hypothalamus

Back 77

3

Front 78

Thyroid

Back 78

4

Front 79

Parathyroid

Back 79

5

Front 80

Thymus

Back 80

6

Front 81

Adrenal glands

Back 81

7

Front 82

Pancreas

Back 82

8

Front 83

Ovaries

Back 83

9

Front 84

Testes

Back 84

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