Anatomy And Physiology By Kenneth S. Saladin 4Th Edition - Chapter 01 - Bscc2093

Front 1

Frontal Plane

Back 1

An anatomical plane that passes through the body or an organ from right to left and superior to inferior; also called a coronal plane.

Front 2

Serous Membrane

Back 2

A membrane sucha s the peritoneum, pleura, or pericardium that lines a body cavity or covers the external surfaces of the viscera; composed of a simple squamous mesothelium and a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

Front 3

Vasodilation

Back 3

The widening of a blood vessel due to relaxation of the muscle of its tunica media and the outward pressure of the blood exerted against the wall.

Front 4

Organ

Back 4

Any anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it. Many organs are microscopic and any organs contain smaller organs, such as the skin containing numerous microscopic sense organs.

Front 5

Parietal

Back 5

Pertaining to a wall, as in the parietal cells of the gastric glands and parietal bone of the skull.

Front 6

Central

Back 6

Located relatively close to the medial axis of the body, as in the central nervous system; opposite of peripheral.

Front 7

Differentiation

Back 7

Development of a relatively unspecialized cell into one with a more specific structure and function.

Front 8

Evolution

Back 8

A change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a population over a period of time; the mechanism that produces adaptations in human form and function.

Front 9

Peritoneum

Back 9

A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen and covers the mesenteries and viscera.

Front 10

Cytology

Back 10

The study of cell structure and function.

Front 11

Proximal

Back 11

Relatively near a point of origin or attachment; for example, the shoulder is proximal to the elbow. (compare distal)

Front 12

Computed Tomography

Back 12

A method of medical imaging that uses X Rays and a computer to create an image of a thin section of the body.

Front 13

Mesentery

Back 13

A serous membrane that binds the intestines together and suspends them from the abdominal wall; the visceral continuation of the peritoneum.

Front 14

Physiology

Back 14

The functional processes of the body.

Front 15

Antebrachium

Back 15

The region from elbow to wrist; the forearm.

Front 16

Adaptation

Back 16

An evolutionary process leading to the establishment of species characteristics that favor survival and reproduction.

Front 17

Deep

Back 17

Relatively far from the body surface; opposite of superficial. For example, the bones are deep to the skeletal muscles.

Front 18

Sagittal plane

Back 18

Any plane that extends from ventral to dorsal and cephalic to caudal, dividing the body into right and left portions. Compare midsagittal plane.

Front 19

Superficial

Back 19

Relatively close to the surface; opposite of deep. For example, the ribs are superficial to the lungs.

Front 20

Hypothesis

Back 20

An informed conjecture about a phenomenon that is capable of being tested and potentially falsified by experimentation or data collection.

Front 21

Axial

Back 21

Pertaining to the head, neck, and trunk; The part of the body excluding the appendicular portion.

Front 22

Crus

Back 22

The leg proper; the region from the knee to the ankle.

Front 23

Trunk

Back 23

That part of the body excluding the head, neck, and appendages.

Front 24

Vasoconstriction

Back 24

The narrowing of a blood vessel due to muscular constriction of its tunica media.

Front 25

Viscera

Back 25

The organs contained in the dorsal and ventral body cavities, such as the brain, heart, lungs, stomacy, intestines, and kidneys.

Front 26

X Ray

Back 26

A high-energy, penetrating electromagnetic ray with wavelengths in the range of 0.1 to 10 nm; used in diagnosis and therapy.

Front 27

Body

Back 27

The entire organism

Front 28

Dynamic Equilibrium

Back 28

A state of continual change that is controled within narrow limits, as in homeostasis and chemical equilibrium

Front 29

Midsagittal Plane

Back 29

The plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves. (Compare Sagittal plane)

Front 30

Anatomy

Back 30

Structure of the Body.

Front 31

Anatomical Position

Back 31

A reference posture that allows for standardized anatomical terminology. A subject in anatomical position is standing with the feet flat on the floor and slightly apart, arms down to the sides, and the palms and eyes directed forward.

Front 32

In Situ

Back 32

In the normal anatomical location.

Front 33

Peripheral

Back 33

Away from the center of the body or of an organ, as in peripheral vision and peripheral blood vessels.

Front 34

Crural

Back 34

Pertaining to the leg proper or to the crus of an organ.

Front 35

Position Emission Tomography

Back 35

A method of producing a computerized image of the physiological state of a tissue using injected radioisotopes that emit positrons.

Front 36

Appendicular

Back 36

Pertaining to the extremities and their supporting skeletal girdles.

Front 37

Pleura

Back 37

A double-walled serous membrane that encloses each lung.

Front 38

Cell

Back 38

The smallest subdivision of tissue considered to be alive; consists of a plasma membrane enclosing a cytoplasm and, in most cases, a nucleus.

Front 39

Negative Feedback

Back 39

A self-corrective mechanism that underlies most homeostasis, in which a bodily change is detected and responses are activated that reverse the change.

Front 40

Receptor

Back 40

A cell or organ specialized to detect a stimulus, such as a taste cell or the eye.

Front 41

Mediastinum

Back 41

The thick medial partition of the thoracic cavity that separates one pleural cavity from the other and contains the heart, great blood vessels, and thymus.

Front 42

Stimulus

Back 42

A chemical or physical agent in a cell's surroundings that is capable of creating a physiological response in the cell; especially agents detected by sensory cells, such as chemicals, light, and pressure.

Front 43

Theory

Back 43

An explanatory statement, or set of statements, that concisely summarizes the state of knowledge on a phenomenon and provides direction for further study; for example, the fluid mosaic theory of the plasma membrane and the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.

Front 44

Abdominal Cavity

Back 44

The body cavity between the diaphragm and pelvic brim.

Front 45

Bipedalism

Back 45

The habit of walking on two legs; a defining characteristic of the family hominidae that underlies many skeletal and other characteristics of humans.

Front 46

Celiac

Back 46

Pertaining to the abdomen.

Front 47

Human

Back 47

Any species of primate classified in the family hominidae, characterized by bipedal locomotion, relatively large brains, and usually articulate speech; currently represented only by homo sapiens but including extinct species of homo and australopithecus.

Front 48

Inguinal

Back 48

Pertaining to the groin

Front 49

Lateral

Back 49

Away from the midline of an organ or midsagittal plane of the body; toward the side. (compare medial)