Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

all living things are composed of a cell or a group of cells. New cells come from pre-existing cells.

Back 1

cell theory

Front 2

cell structure

Back 2

has a centrally located nuclues, suspended in cytoplasm, surrounded in a plasma membrane.

Front 3

cell function

Back 3

basic unit of life that carries out all life functions.

Front 4

cell(plasma) membrane

Back 4

outer boundary of the cell; lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steriods, proteins, and carbohydrates; its function is isolation, protection, sensitivity, support and controls entry and exit of materials

Front 5

cytoplasm

Back 5

region between nucleus and plasma membrane

Front 6

microvilli

Back 6

mebrane extensions containing microfilament; increase surface area to faciliate absorption

Front 7

cilia

Back 7

short hair-like structures that aid in movement;

Front 8

ribosomes

Back 8

RNA + proteins. Fixed: located on rough ER, free: in cytoplasm. Protein synthesis

Front 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 9

Membranous channels extending from the cytoplasm, found where proteins, carbohydrates and lipids are synthesized.

Front 10

golgi apparatus

Back 10

stacks of flattened membranes that bud off vessicles; store and produce secretory products and produce lysosomes

Front 11

lysosomes

Back 11

vessicles containing digestive enzymes, acts as internal defense mechanism and digestive mechanism

Front 12

mitochondria

Back 12

centers of cellular respiration, produces 95% of ATP

Front 13

cell division

Back 13

the reproduction of cells through mitosis or cytokinesis

Front 14

mitosis

Back 14

the division of the nucleus in to two cells with the same genetic information as the original

Front 15

cytokinesis

Back 15

the division of the cytoplasm

Front 16

Brownian motion

Back 16

atoms and molecules are in constant motion and collide causing them to be in random movement

Front 17

diffusion

Back 17

movement of atoms and molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration

Front 18

solute/ solvent

Back 18

part of solution being dissolved/ part of solution doing the dissolving

Front 19

hypotonic/hypertonic/isotonic

Back 19

solute concentration is higher/lower/equal to solute concentration being compared to.

Front 20

osmotic pressure

Back 20

force of water movement into a solution resulting from solute concentration

Front 21

osmosis

Back 21

diffusion of water through aa semi permeable membrane; movement from areas of lesser concentration to higher concentration. against concentration gradient

Front 22

enocytosis/ exocytosis

Back 22

creation of vesicles containing fluids or solids with a membrane/ fusion of these vesicles

Front 23

facilitated diffusion

Back 23

carrier proteins passively transport solutes along concentration gradient

Front 24

passive transport

Back 24

transportation across membrane and cell does not use any energy

Front 25

macrophages

Back 25

protect tissues by engulfing bacteria or pathogens

Front 26

active transport

Back 26

transportation across membrane where the cell uses energy to accomplish this.

Front 27

pinocytosis

Back 27

"cell drinking" a deep groove or pocket forms in the plasma membrane and then pinches off

Front 28

phagocytosis

Back 28

"cell eating" engulf extracellular materials or pathogens

Front 29

NaK pump

Back 29

(in cells)in extracellular fluid Na ions are high and low in cytoplasm, the body it is the opposite. in order to maintain homeostasis sodium ions diffuse into the cell, and potassium ions diffuse out.

Front 30

concentration gradient

Back 30

atoms and molecules tend to go from high to low concentrations, the difference between high and low concentration. (along with or against)