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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the main component of blood plasma? |
Water (around 90%) |
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What happens to testes when warm? |
Surface area expands, drop down, produce fewer sperm of exposed for long period of time, sperm starts to die |
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Can water leave the ascending limb of the loop of Henle |
No |
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What do vitamin k deficiency, severe hypocalcemia and liver disease all impair? |
Coagulation |
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What is the optimum temperature for testes? |
4° cooler than body temperature |
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What is classed as a primary male sex organ? |
Testes |
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What happens to testicles when cold? |
Shrink |
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If a person has no antibodies to A and B or to Rh antigens in the plasma, what blood type do they have? |
AB positive |
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What is the name of the fibrous capsule of the testes? |
Tunica albuginea |
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Is sperm the main component of semen? |
NO, 70% of semen is secretions of seminal vesicles |
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At which stage of meiosis do tetrads align at the cells equator? |
Metaphase 1 |
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Where is the site of sperm production in the testes? |
Seminiferous tubules |
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What is the name of the darker, reddish-brown area of the kidney that exhibits cone-shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids? |
The renal medulla |
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At what phase of meiosis do crossovers occur? |
Prophase 1 |
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Where is the site of sperm storage? |
The epididymis |
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What cools arterial blood to keep the testes below core temperature? |
The panpiniform venous plexus |
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In what order is meiosis carried out? |
Interphase - prophase 1 - metaphase 1 - anaphase 1 - telophase 1 and cytokinesis - prophase 11 - metaphase 11 - anaphase 11 - telophase 11 and cytokinesis |
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What is shed during menstruation? |
The stratum functionalis |
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What is the name for conversion of haploid spermatids to spermatozoa? |
Spermiogenesis |
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Which blood type would make antibodies to the A and B agglutinogens? |
Type O blood |
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What is the percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes called? |
The hematocrit |
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Primary oocytes are stalled in what phase of meiosis until puberty? |
Prophase 1 |
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Is the pH of the adult vagina acidic, basic or alkaline? |
Normally acidic |
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What is the name for a free floating blood clot? |
An embolus |
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What area of a sperm cell contains many mitochondria? |
The midpiece |
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What develops into the female duct system? |
The paramesonephric ducts |
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When do the ovaries start to carry out oogenesis? |
When puberty occurs |
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What are platelets derived from? |
Megakaryocytes |
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Which cells make testosterone? |
Interstitial cells |
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What is a sexually transmitted disease that is associated with cervical cancer? |
Genital warts |
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What is the loop of Henle? |
A long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney |
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Which hormone acts upon the anterior pituitary to encourage the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)? |
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) |
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Does estrogen promote diuresis (water loss)? |
No |
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What is the functional unit of the kidney? |
The nephron |
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Plasma is filtered in which part of the nephron? |
The renal corpuscle |
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Does the perirenal fat capsule prevent infection? |
No it does not prevent infection |
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What is the function of the loop of Henle? |
Recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine - creates concentration gradient |
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How many litres of fluid do the kidneys filter each day from the blood stream? |
200 litres |
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What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) responsible for? |
Filtrate formation |
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At what phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate from one another? |
Anaphase 1 |
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What area of the mammory glands are responsible for producing milk during lactation? |
The alveoli |
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What homeostatic imbalance indicates that glomular blood pressure may be too low to cause filtration? |
Anuria |
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What 4 things is tubular secretion important for? |
1) disposing of substances 2) eliminating undesirable substances 3) ridding the body of excess k+ 4) controlling blood pH |
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What is the reason for glucose being detected in the urine of individuals with uncontrolled diabetes? |
Because the transport maximum for glucose reabsorption has been exceeded |
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Is freshly voided urine from a healthy person acidic? |
Yes it is slightly acidic. It is also clear-deep yellow, slightly aromatic and has a mass greater than water |
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Alcohol and many drugs prescribed for hypertention are examples of what group of drug? |
Diuretics |
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What is the descending limb of the loop of Henle permeable/impermeable to? |
Permeable to water Impermeable to solutes |
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The funtional layer of the endometrium is shed in response to what? |
Decreased progesterone levels |
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The ovulated oocyte arrests in metaphase 11 and does not complete meiosis 11 until when? |
It is fertilized |
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How many functions does the urethra have in a woman? |
1 |
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Does albumin serve an immune system function? |
No, It does not serve an immune system function |
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What is incontinence usually a result of? |
Emotional problems, pressure during pregnancy or nervous system problems |
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What shape is a mature erythrocyte? |
A biconcave disc shape |
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How is erythropoiesis best defined? |
Red blood cell production |
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How many molecules of oxygen can one molecule of hemoglobin bind? |
4 |
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During oogenesis how many polar bodies and gametes are produced? |
3 polar bodies and 1 functional gamete |
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Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) is essentially what? |
Globular blood pressure |
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Where are aging red blood cells fragmented and trapped? |
In the spleen |
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A patient who lacks intrinsic factor would likely develop what? |
Pernicious anaemia |
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What is the migration of white blood cells out of the capillary blood vessels called? |
Diapedesis |
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What is the most numerous type of white blood cell? |
Neutrophil |
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What type of white blood cell has a bilobed nucleus and dark staining cytoplasmic granules? |
A basophil |
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What is the name of a highly phagocytic type of cell with a U/kidney shaped nucleus? |
Macrophage |
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When there is an extreme change of blood pressure do extrinsic or intrinsic controls take precedence? |
Extrinsic controls take precedence |
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How many functions does the urethra have in a man? |
2 |
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A B cell is a type of what? |
Lymphocyte |
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What is the name for overproduction of white blood cells? |
Leukocytosis |
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What inhibits coagulation? |
Heparin |
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What is the correct sequence of hemostasis? |
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation |
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What is the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting triggered by? |
Tissue factor |
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What blood cell has a role in killing parasitic worms? |
Eosinophil |
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Where is erythropoietin made? |
By the kidneys |
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What is the name of a small agranulocyte with a lifespan that varies from a few hours to decades? |
Lymphocyte |
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What is plasmin? |
A fibrin-digesting enzyme |
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What is a thrombus? |
A blood clot on a vessel that can detach and become an embolus |
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What does platelet derived growth factor stimulate? |
Blood vessel healing |
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When does hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) develop? |
When a Rh- woman is pregnant with a Rh+ baby |
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What is blood type determined by? |
By glycoprotein present on the surface of erythrocytes |
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Which blood type would make antibodies to the A agglutinogen but not the B agglutinogen? |
A person with type B blood |
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What does thrombin convert? |
Fibrinogen to fibrin |
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What does the prothrombin activator generate? |
Thrombin |
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What blood type would have type A and B agglutinogens? |
Type AB blood |
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Which has a higher affinity for oxygen; fetal hemoglobin or adult hemoglobin? |
Fetal hemoglobin |
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Which blood type would make antibodies to the B agglutinogen but not the A agglutinogen? |
A person with type A blood |
