Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Anions |
Negatively charged (organic anions and chloride) |
|
|
Cations |
Positive Ions (Potassium, Sodium, Calcium) |
|
|
Where do the charged ions located |
They live in the extra cellular nd cytostale matrix |
|
|
Cell Membrane |
The charge is more negative inside then the outside |
|
|
Action Potentials |
impulses allow communication over short and long distnaces. Large deviations of resting potential |
|
|
Graded Potentials |
Allow communication over short distances only. Small deviations in resting potential |
|
|
Leakage Channels |
Alternate between open and closed. K+ channels are more numerous than Na+ channels |
|
|
Ligand (chemical) gated channels |
Respond to chemical stimuli (Ligand binds to receptor) |
|
|
Mechanically gated channels |
Respond to mechanical vibration or pressure stimuli |
|
|
Voltage gated channels |
Respond to direct changes in membrane potential |
|
|
Unequal distribution of ions |
across the plasma membrane and the selective permeability of the neurons membrane to Na+ and K+ |
|
|
Graded Potentials |
A graded potential occurs in response to the opening of a mechanically gated or ligad gated ion channel |
|
|
Stimulus Strength |
The amplitude ofa graded potential depends on the stimulus strength. Usually a small deviation from the resting potential of the membrane |
|
|
Summation |
Graded potentials can be add together to become larger in amplitude |
|
|
Polarization |
A sequence rapidly opening Na voltage channels that cause the cell membrane to become more POSITIVE |
|
|
Repolarization |
K ion channels open (they are a bit slower) and the cell membrane returns to a more NEGATIVE state |
|
|
Action Potential |
Occur only if the membrane ppotential reaches threshold |
|
|
"A" Fibers |
Large diameter, myelinated |
|
|
"B" Fibers |
Smal diameter, myelinated |
|
|
"C" Fibers |
Small diameter, unmylinated, slower speed |
|
|
Electrical Synapse |
Gap junctions connect cells and allow the faster transfer of information to synchronize the activity of a group of cells |
|
|
Chemical Synapse |
One way transfer of information from a presynaptic neuron to a post synaptic neuron |
|
|
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials (EPSP) |
A depolarizing postsynaptic potential |
|
|
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSP) |
A hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential |
|
|
Acetylcholine |
Excitatory or inhibitory (Attention, Memory, Learning) |
|
|
Glycine |
An excitatory NT in motor and sensory neurons |
|
|
GABA |
An inhibatory NT used by interneurons (important in nervous system development |
|
|
Glutamate |
An excitatory NT motor ans sensory as well as learninng and memory |
|
|
Norepinephrine |
Arousal, regulating blood |
|
|
Dopamine |
Emotion, addictive behaviors, pleasure, regulation of movement |
|
|
Serotonin |
Sensory perception, temperture regulation, mood, appetite, sleep |
|
|
Substance P |
Enhances pain perception |
|
|
Enkephalins |
Inhibits pain perception |
|
|
Endorphins |
Control of pain |
|
|
Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones |
regulates hormone release |
|
|
Angiotensin 2 |
Stimulates thirst |
|
|
Cholecystokinin |
stop eating signal |
