Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

Respiratory System Parts

Back 1

Nose and Paranasal Sinuses

The Pharynx

The Larynx

The Trachea

The Bronchi and Subdivisions

Lungs and Pleurae

Front 2

Nose: External Nose

Back 2

Jutting external portion is supported by bone and cartilage

function: produces mucus; filters, warms and moistens incoming air; resonance chamber for speech

Front 3

Nose: Nasal Cavity

Back 3

internal nasal cavity is divided by midline septum and lined with mucosa

function: produces mucus; filters, warms and moistens incoming air; resonance chamber for speech

roof of nasal cavity contains olfactory epithelium

function: sense of smell

Front 4

Paranasal Sinuses

Back 4

Mucosa- lined, air-filled cavities in cranial bones surrounding nasal cavity

functions: produces mucus; filters, warms and moistens incoming air; resonance chamber for speech; also lighten skull

Front 5

Pharynx

Back 5

Passageway connecting nasal cavity to larynx and oral cavity to esophagus. Three subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharnyx. Houses tonsils.

functions: passageway or air and food facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens

Front 6

Nasopharynx

Back 6

posterior to nasal cavity, inferior to sphenoid bone, and continuous with the nasal cavity through posterior nasal apertures. Pseudostratified columnar

Function: ONLY air passageway

Front 7

Oropharynx

Back 7

Lies posterior to oral cavity. Stratified squamous epithelium.

Function: Both food and air pass through it.

Front 8

Laryngopharynx

Back 8

Posterior to upright epiglottis and extends to the larynx. Stratified squamous epithelium.

Function: passageway for food and air.

Front 9

Larynx

Back 9

Connects pharynx to trachea, has framework of cartilage and dense connective tissue, opening can be closed by epiglottis or vocal folds. Houses vocal folds.

Functions: Air passageway; prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract. Voice productions.

Front 10

Trachea

Back 10

Flexible tube running from larynx and dividing inferiorly into two main bronchi. Walls contain C-shaped cartilages that are incomplete posterily where connected by trachealis. Pseudostratified epithelium.

Functions: air passageway connecting trachea with alveoli; cleans, warms, and moistens air

Front 11

Bronchial Tree

Back 11

Consists of right and left main bronchi with subdivide within theh lungs to form lobar and segmental bronchi and bronchioles. Brochiolar walls lack cartilage but contain complete layer of smooth muscle. Constriction of this muscle impedes expiration.

Function: Ait passageways connecting trachea with alveoli. Cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air.

Front 12

Alveoli

Back 12

Microscopic chambers at termi of bronchial tree. Walls of simple squamous epithelium overlie thin basement membrane. External surfaces are intimately associated with pulmonary capillaries. Function: Main site of gas exchange

Special alveolar cells produce surfacant

Function: reduced surface tension; helps prevent lung collapse

Front 13

Lungs

Back 13

Composed of alveoli and respiratory passageways. Stroma is fibrous elastic connective tissue, allowing lungs to recoil passively during expiration.

Function: House respiratory passages smaller than the main bronchi

Front 14

Pleaurae

Back 14

Serous membranes. Parietal pleura lines thoracic cavity; visceral pleura covers external lungs and surfaces

Function: Produce lubricating fluid and compartmentalize lungs

Front 15

Intrapulmonary Pressure

Back 15

(intra-alveolar) pressure in the alveoli

Front 16

Intrapleural Pressure

Back 16

Pressure in the pleural cavity

Front 17

Transpulmonary Pressuree

Back 17

difference between the intrapulmonary pressure and intrapleural pressures

Front 18

Asthma

Back 18

Obstructive disorder. Characterized by coughing, dyspnea, wheezing, and chest tightness.

Front 19

Tuberculosis (TB)

Back 19

Infectious disease caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberbulosis. Spread by coughing.

Front 20

Cystic Fibrosis

Back 20

Birth defect where abnormally viscous mucus clogs the respiratory passages, providing a breeding ground for airborne bacteria and predisposing the child to respiratory infections.