Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

anatomy

Back 1

the study of the structure of the body and the relationship of the parts

Front 2

physiology

Back 2

study of functions of body and its parts

Front 3

the process of science

Back 3

Propose Hypothesis
Design Experiments
Collect and analyze data
Redefine Experiment
Accept as theory
Accept as law

Front 4

Level of Organization

Back 4

Atom-->molecule-->cytoplasm-->organelle-->cellular -->tissue level-->organ level-->system level

Front 5

Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectomorph

Back 5

Heavy rounded (apple/pear)
Muscular
Thin, Fragile

Front 6

Characteristics of life

Back 6

Responsiveness, Conductivity, Growth, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, Circulation, Reproduction

Front 7

Support and Movement

Back 7

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular

Front 8

Communication, Control, and integration

Back 8

nervous, endocrine

Front 9

Transportations and defense

Back 9

Cardiovascular, lymphatic

Front 10

Respiration, nutrition and excretion

Back 10

Respiratory, digestive, urinary

Front 11

reproduction and development

Back 11

reproductive

Front 12

integumentary

Back 12

skin-protection, temperature regulation, sensation

Front 13

skeletal

Back 13

bones, ligaments- support, protection, movement, mineral and fat storage, blood production

Front 14

muscular

Back 14

skeletal muscles, tendons-movement, posture, heat production

Front 15

nervous

Back 15

brain, spinal chord, nerves, sensory organs-control, regulation and coordination of other systems, sensation, memory

Front 16

endocrine

Back 16

pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid-control and regulation of other systems

Front 17

cardiovascular

Back 17

heart, arteries, vens, capillaries- exchange and transport of materials

Front 18

lymphatic

Back 18

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils- immunity, fluid balance

Front 19

respiratory

Back 19

lungs, bronchial tree, trachea, larynx, nasal cavity- gas exchange, acid-base balance

Front 20

digestive

Back 20

stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth, pancreas-breakdown and absorption of nutrients, elimination of waste

Front 21

urinary

Back 21

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra-excretion of waste, fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance

Front 22

reproductive

Back 22

males: testes, vas deferens, penis
females: ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, breasts

reproduction

Front 23

homeostasis

Back 23

standing or staying the same

every regulatory mechanism exists to maintain homeostasis of internal fluid environment
body temp: 98.6

Front 24

basic components of control mechanisms

Back 24

1. sensor mechanisms (brain, spinal chord)
2. Integrating or control center
3. Effector Mechanism
4. Feedback

Front 25

afferent

Back 25

signal moving toward
*nerve impulse or hormone is AFFERENT signal

Front 26

Efferent

Back 26

Signal moving away
Causes and EFFECT (effectors)
Organs, muscles or glands are EFFERENT targets

Front 27

Negative Feedback Control Systems

Back 27

Inhibitory, oppose a change by creating a response opposite in direction of stimulus
responsible for maintaining a constant internal environment
Example: oppose a change (drop in temperature) by creating a response (production of heat)

Front 28

Positive Feedback Control Systems

Back 28

Stimulatory, pushes system onward until stimulus goes away; amplify change occuring

Example: sneezing, child birth

if was negative would come back

Front 29

Lateral

Back 29

Toward the side; away from the midsagittal plane

Example: The eyes are LATERAL to the nose

Front 30

Medial

Back 30

Toward the midsagittal plane; away from the side

Example: the eyes are MEDIAL to the ears

Front 31

Anterior

Back 31

Toward the front of the body

Example: The nose is on the ANTERIOR of the head

Front 32

Posterior

Back 32

Toward the back (rear)

Example: The heel is POSTERIOR to the head

Front 33

Superior

Back 33

Toward the top of the body

Example: The shoulders are SUPERIOR to the hips

Front 34

Inferior

Back 34

Toward the bottom of the body

Example: The stomach is INFERIOR to the heart

Front 35

Transverse Plane

Back 35

Cuts you in the upper and lower half at the waist

Front 36

Frontal Plane

Back 36

Cuts you in the middle along your sides (separates back and chest)

Front 37

Sagittal Plane

Back 37

Cuts your face in half, one eye on each side

Front 38

Proximal

Back 38

On Legs-closer to thigh
On Arms-Closer to shoulder

Front 39

Distal

Back 39

On legs-Closer to feet
On Arms-Closer to finger tips