Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

spinal cord

Back 1

continuation of the brain stem

Front 2

lumbar puncture

Back 2

procedure of sticking a hollow needle into the subarachnoid space between 13 and 14 above the level of the tomp of the hop bone

Front 3

gray matter

Back 3

location in the center of the spinal cord, shaped like a butterfly, composed of cell bodies and internuerons

Front 4

central canal

Back 4

opening, or hole, that extends the entire length of the spinal cord located in the middle of the gray matter

Front 5

white matter

Back 5

coposed of primarily myelinated axons

Front 6

nerve tracts

Back 6

the neuronal axons grouped together

Front 7

ascending tracts

Back 7

sensory tracts carry information frm the brain down the spinal cord, and toward the brain

Front 8

descending tracts

Back 8

motor tracts carrying information from the brain down the spinal cord and toward the peripheral

Front 9

pyramidal tract

Back 9

aka corticospinal tract, major motor tract origination in the frontal lobe of cerebruminfo is carried from the cortical region of the brain toward the spinal cord

Front 10

corticospinal tract

Back 10

aka pyramidal tract

Front 11

2 major decending tracts

Back 11

pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts

Front 12

spinal nerves

Back 12

attatched to spinal nerve 2 root dorsal and ventral root

Front 13

sensory nerve

Back 13

fibers from the periphery travel to the cord through the dorsal root.

Front 14

dorsal root

Back 14

sensory nerve of a spinal nerve as it attatches to the spinal cord

Front 15

dorsal root ganglia

Back 15

cell bodies of the sensory fibers are gathered together

Front 16

ventral root

Back 16

composed of motor fibers distributed to muscles and glands

Front 17

mixed nerves

Back 17

spinal nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers all spinal nerves

Front 18

functions of the spinal cord

Back 18

sensory pathway; motor pathway; reflex center

Front 19

what are reflexes

Back 19

an involuntary response to a stimulus

Front 20

patellar

Back 20

aka knee-jerker physical examination doctor taps the tendon below your kneecap.

Front 21

reflex arc

Back 21

the nerve pathway involved in a reflex 4 parts: receptor; afferent neuron; efferent neuron; effector organ

Front 22

afferent nueron

Back 22

nerve impulse is carried by the sensory neuron to the spinal cord

Front 23

receptor

Back 23

by the tendon the mallet stimulates sensory receptors in the thigh muscles

Front 24

efferent nueron

Back 24

the nerve imipulse is carried by a motor nerve to the muscles of the thigh

Front 25

effector organ

Back 25

the muscles of the thigh specifically the quadriceps femoris are effector organs, the muscles contract and move the lower leg in an upward movement

Front 26

pupillary reflex

Back 26

regulates the amount of light that enters the eye

Front 27

baroreceptor reflex

Back 27

causes the heart and blood vessels to respond in a way that restores the blood pressure to normal

Front 28

Babinski reflex

Back 28

stroking the lateral sole of the foot in the direction of heel to toe with a hard blunt object

Front 29

peripheral nervous system

Back 29

consists of the nerves and ganglia located outside the CNS

Front 30

nueron

Back 30

single nerve cell

Front 31

nerve

Back 31

contains many neurons bundled together with blood vessels and then wrapped in connective tissue located outside cns

Front 32

tracts

Back 32

bundles of nerve fibers are called tracts

Front 33

sensory nerves

Back 33

compsed only of sensory neurons

Front 34

motor nerves

Back 34

composed only of motor neurons

Front 35

mixed nerves

Back 35

containing both sensory and motor neurons

Front 36

cranial nerves

Back 36

twelve parts have a specific number always designated by a roman numberal and name.

Front 37

oh!oh!oh! tough tricky anatomy final very grave vibes aching head

Back 37

1 olfactory 2 optic 3 oculomotor 4 trochlear 5 trigeminal 6 abducens 7 facial 8 vestibulocochlear 9 glossopharyngeal 10 vagus 11 accessory 12 hypoglossal

Front 38

olfactory nerve

Back 38

sensory nerve that carries informationfrom the nose to the brain

Front 39

optic nerve

Back 39

carries visual information from the eye to the brain

Front 40

decussation

Back 40

nerve tracts cross over from one side to the other

Front 41

extrapyramidal tract

Back 41

skeletal muscle activity (balance and posture)
descending

Front 42

spinalthalamic

Back 42

temperature; pressure; pain; light; touch
ascending

Front 43

dorsal column

Back 43

ascending; proprioception; deep pressure; vibration

Front 44

spinocerebellar

Back 44

proprioception; ascending

Front 45

achilles tendon reflex

Back 45

ankle-jerk relfex

Front 46

oculomotor nerve

Back 46

III movement of eyeball, raising of eyelid; change pupil size

Front 47

trochlear nerve

Back 47

IV movement of eyeball

Front 48

trigeminal nerve

Back 48

V chewing food; sensations in face; scalp, cornea, and teeth

Front 49

abducens nerve

Back 49

Vi movement of eyeball

Front 50

facial nerve

Back 50

VII a mixed nerve that performs mostly motor function of the face

Front 51

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Back 51

VIII sensory nerve that carries information for hearing and balance from inner ear to the brain

Front 52

glossopharyngeal nerve

Back 52

IX mixed nerve that carries taste sensation from the posterior tongue to the brain

Front 53

vagus nerve

Back 53

X mixed nerve that innervates the tongue, pharyns, larynx, and many organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Front 54

accessory nerve

Back 54

XI motor nerves that controll movement of the head and shoulder regions

Front 55

which cranial nervese are sensory

Back 55

1st, 2nd, and 8th the rest are mixed

Front 56

spinal nerves are listed how

Back 56

numbered according to the level of the spinal cord 8-cervical 12-thoracic nerves 4-lumbar nerves 5- sacral nerves 1-coccygeal nerve

Front 57

cauda equina

Back 57

lumbar and sacral nerves at the bottom of the cord that look like a horse's tail

Front 58

plexuses

Back 58

nerve fibers converge, or come together again (networks)3 major plexuses

Front 59

3 major plexuses

Back 59

cervical plexus
brachail plexus
lumbosacral plexus

Front 60

cervial plexus

Back 60

c1-4 skin an dmuscles of the nexk and shoulder; diaphragm

Front 61

brachial plexus

Back 61

c4-8, t1
skin and muscle of the upper extremities

Front 62

lumbosacral plexus

Back 62

t12, L1-5, s1-4
skin and muscle of lower torso and lower extremities

Front 63

dermatome

Back 63

each spinal nerv innervates a particular area of the skin this distribution of nerves are a dermotome