Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

Prokaryotes

Back 1

"before nucleus", lacks true membrane bound nucleus

All Bacteria

Front 2

Eukaryote

Back 2

"True nucleus" has membrane bound nucleus

All multicellular organisms

Composed of: Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus

Front 3

Cell Membrane

Back 3

Separates cell from external environment. "Plasma Membrane"

Double phospholipid layer with interspersed proteins, carbohydrate chains, cholesterol

Semipermeable

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Cilia

Back 4

Hair like projections found on cell membranes, used for surface movement

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Flagellum

Back 5

Single long projection found on cell membranes, used for cellular movement

Front 6

Microvilli

Back 6

Found on cell membrane, increase surface area

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Cytoplasm

Back 7

Encompasses everything in cell except nucleus

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Ribosomes

Back 8

Located in cytoplasm. Float free or attached to endoplasmic retuculum.

Made of protein and RNA, site of protein synthesis

Front 9

Mitochondria

Back 9

Located in cytoplasm. "Power House of cell"

Contains DNA and protein
Double membrane with inner membrane folding into folds (cristae)

ATP produced through cellular respiration

For cells that use lots of energy(skeletal muscle)

Front 10

cellular respiration

Back 10

Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle, tricarboxilic acid cycle

Produces ATP

Front 11

ATP

Back 11

Adenosine triphosphate

Front 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 12

Rough - with attached ribosomes, transportation for proteins

Smooth - without attached ribosomes, Does not involve protein synthesis, but synthesizes cholesterol, steroid-based hormones, and lipids. Detoxes drugs, breaks down glycogen, transports fats (Liver, testes and intestinal cells)

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Golgi apparatus (Golgi complex)

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Produces lysosomes, receives, packages and ships packages from Endoplasmic reticulum

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Lysosomes

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Use digestive enzymes to break down intracellular bacteria and non-functional organelles

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Peroxisomes

Back 15

Membrane-bound organelles that contain oxidase and catalase enzymes. Detoxifies toxic substances.

Found in kidney and liver

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Nucleus

Back 16

Control center of cell, contains DNA, which governs hereditary and protein synthesis

Double, semipermeable nuclear membrane

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Solute

Back 17

Substance that can be dissolved

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Solvent

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Substance that does the dissolving

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Solution

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When the solute has dissolved and is no longer distinguishable from the solvent (uniform mixture)

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Intercellular

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In between the cells (interstitial)

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Osmotic Pressure

Back 21

Amount of pressure necessary to stop the flow of water across the membrane

Front 22

Filtration

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Substances are forced through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure, small solutes pass through while large don't

Important for kidney function

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Hypotonic

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Extracellular fluid is less concentrated that intracellular fluid (Inner > Outer)

Red blood cell in this solution would gain water (to make intracellular less concentrated) and cell would burst

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Hypertonic

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Extracellular fluid is more concentrated that intracellular fluid (Outer > Inner)

Red blood cell in solution would lose water (to make inner more concentrated) and cell would shrivel (crenate)

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Tissue

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Group of similar cells with related function