Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

the internal environment remains distinct from the external, t/f

Back 1

true

Front 2

How is the cellular level seperated?

Back 2

plasma membrane

Front 3

Organismal?

Back 3

skin

Front 4

how do cells reproduce?

Back 4

an original cell divides and produces two identical daughter cells

Front 5

What are the 5 survival needs?

Back 5

Nutrients – chemical substances used for energy and cell building

Oxygen – needed for metabolic reactions

Water – provides the necessary environment for chemical reactions

Maintaining normal body temperature – necessary for chemical reactions to occur at life-sustaining rates

Atmospheric pressure – required for proper breathing and gas exchange in the lungs

Front 6

The three interdependent components of control mechanisms are:

Back 6

Receptor – monitors the environments and responds to changes (stimuli)

Control center – determines the set point at which the variable is maintained

Effector – provides the means to respond to the stimulus

Front 7

In negative feedback systems, the output shuts off the original stimulus, give an example.

Back 7

Example: Regulation of blood glucose levels

Front 8

In positive feedback systems, the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus, example.

Back 8

Example: Regulation of blood clotting

Front 9

Overwhelming of ________ feedback mechanisms allowing ________ positive feedback mechanisms to take over

Back 9

negative

destructive

Front 10

Medial, lateral, and intermediate – toward the ___________________________
___________________________.

Back 10

midline, away from the midline, and between a more medial and lateral structure

Front 11

Proximal and distal –

Superficial and deep –

Back 11

closer to and farther from the origin of the body

toward and away from the body surface

Front 12

Ions are charged atoms resulting from the gain or loss of ________

Back 12

electrons

Front 13

Electrons shared equally between atoms produce nonpolar molecules, give an example.

Back 13

Water

Front 14

Building blocks of protein...

Back 14

containing an amino group and a carboxyl group

Front 15

Primary structure –
Secondary structure –
Tertiary structure –
Quaternary structure –

Back 15

1.chain of amino acids in single-file line
2.how amino acids interact with one another and begin to fold
3.three dimensional folding of amino acids to make a large protein
4.multiple proteins functioning together as a single unit

Front 16

what is a Source of immediately usable energy for the cell

Back 16

ATP

Front 17

Bilayer membrane consists of

Back 17

phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids

Front 18

What type of transport Uses ATP to move solutes across a membrane

Back 18

Active transport

Front 19

Secondary active transport –

Back 19

use of an exchange pump (such as the Na+-K+ pump) indirectly to drive the transport of other solutes

Front 20

In skeletal and cardiac muscle – storage and release of calcium is regulated by what?

Back 20

smooth er

Front 21

What functions in modification, concentration, and packaging of proteins

Back 21

Golgi apparatus

Front 22

Lysosomes not only detoxify a cell they....

Back 22

Breakdown bone to release Ca2+

Front 23

Body temperature regulation is accomplished by

Back 23

Dilation (cooling) and constriction (warming) of dermal vessels

Front 24

Hydroxyapatites, or mineral salts are responsible for what 3 characteristics?

Back 24

Sixty-five percent of bone by mass

Mainly calcium phosphates

Responsible for bone hardness and its resistance to compression

Front 25

Articulation is

Back 25

– site where two or more bones meet

Front 26

Articulating bones are united by what?

Back 26

cartilage