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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how does the cardiovascular system maintain homeostasis?
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ensures a constant supply of oxygen and carbon dioxide by removing wastes. keeps blood constantly circulating
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what do arteries do?
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carry blood away from the heart
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what do veins do?
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carry blood towards the heart
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what are the layers of the heart from the outside to the inside?
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fibrous pericardium
serous fluid visceral pericardium myocardium endocardium blood |
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which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood
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left side
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which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood
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right side
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what are the vessels bringing blood to the right atrium?
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superior and inferior vena cava
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what is the vessel leaving the right ventricle?
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pulmonary trunk
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what are the vessels bringing blood to the left atrium?
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pulmonary veins (x2 pairs)
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what is the vessel leaving the left ventricle?
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aorta
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why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?
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it generates more pressure to pump blood further
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what is the myocardium?
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the muscular tissue of the heart
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describe cardiac muscle cells
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-many mitochondria
-single central nucleus -small, wide and branching -aerobic |
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describe skeletal muscle fibres
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-few mitochondria
-multiple nuclei -anaerobic -long and thin |
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what is the function of heart valves
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prevent back flow
allow heart to work efficiently |
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what are the 2 atrio ventricular valves
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tricuspid (right)
bicuspid (left) |
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which are the first branches off the aorta?
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coronary arteries (supply blood to the heart itself)
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where does blood drain into?
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the coronary veins then the coronary sinus
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what are collateral vessels?
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vessels that are used as 'backup' when other vessels become occluded
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where do pacemaker potentials occur?
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in the electrical myocardium
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what is the difference between action potential and pacemaker potential?
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action potential occurs in nerve cells, pacemaker potential occurs in myocardium
action potential requires stimulus, pacemaker potential is spontaneous |
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what happens when the SA node is damaged?
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bradycardia
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what is bradycardia?
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abnormally slow heart action
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what is the conducting system concerned with?
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the initiation and maintenance of heart beat
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what do contractile cells do?
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produce the contractions that propel blood through the heart
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in an electrocardiogram (ECG) what is the P measuring?
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atrial depolarisation followed by atrial contraction
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in an ECG what is the QRS measuring?
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ventricular depolarisation follower by contraction
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in an ECG what is the T measuring?
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ventricular re-polarisation
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what is systole?
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contraction
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what is diastole?
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relaxation
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what is contractility?
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the force generated by the contractile myocardium
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what are the determinants of cardiac performance
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preload
afterload contractility heart rate |
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what is the frank starling principle
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the more the heart is stretched, the more it will contract
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