Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

Smallest Unit of Life

Front 2

Tissue

Back 2

Two or more of the same cells

Front 3

Organ

Back 3

Two or more tissue types

Front 4

Organ system

Back 4

Two or more organs with the same function

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Organism

Back 5

All organ systems put together

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Populations

Back 6

Two or more organisms of species in the same area

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Communities

Back 7

All life form populations in specified areas

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Ecosystems

Back 8

All life form communities and non living components

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Biosphere

Back 9

Entire Planet Earth

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Physis

Back 10

Nature

Front 11

Logos

Back 11

Greek: Reason

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Atomic

Back 12

1 Element

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Molecular

Back 13

2 or more atoms

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Compound

Back 14

A molecule that contains at least two different elements

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Homeostasis: Property of___, especially _, and does _, in order to_, by means of -, controlled by_.

Back 15

open systems, living organisms, regulates its internal environment, maintain a stable relatively constant condition, multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments, interrelated regulation mechanisms.

Front 16

Head

Back 16

Cephalic

Front 17

Brain

Back 17

Cranial

Front 18

Face

Back 18

Facial

Front 19

Forehead

Back 19

Frontal

Front 20

Ear

Back 20

Otic/Auricular

Front 21

Eye Cavity

Back 21

Optic/ocular/orbital

Front 22

Nose

Back 22

Nasal

Front 23

Mouth

Back 23

Oral

Front 24

Cheek

Back 24

Buccal

Front 25

Neck

Back 25

Cervical

Front 26

Chest

Back 26

Thoracic

Front 27

Lower Back

Back 27

Lumbar

Front 28

Between Hips

Back 28

Sacral

Front 29

Hip

Back 29

Coccygeal/ Coxal

Front 30

Breastbone

Back 30

Sternal

Front 31

Butt

Back 31

Gluteal

Front 32

Back of the Knee

Back 32

Popliteal

Front 33

Leg

Back 33

Crural

Front 34

Heel

Back 34

Calcaneal

Front 35

Sole of Foot

Back 35

Plantar

Front 36

Foot

Back 36

Pedal

Front 37

Chin

Back 37

Mental

Front 38

Elbow

Back 38

Cubital/Olecranal

Front 39

Opposite side Elbow

Back 39

Antecubital

Front 40

Clavicle

Back 40

Clavicular

Front 41

Chest

Back 41

Pectoral

Front 42

Breast

Back 42

Mammary

Front 43

Abdomen

Back 43

Abdominal

Front 44

Navel

Back 44

Umbilical

Front 45

Pelvis

Back 45

Pelvic

Front 46

Groin

Back 46

Inguinal

Front 47

Region between anus and genetalia

Back 47

Perineal

Front 48

Thigh

Back 48

Femoral

Front 49

Front of Knee

Back 49

Patellar

Front 50

Instep

Back 50

Tarsal

Front 51

Underarm

Back 51

Axillary

Front 52

Arm (shoulder to elbow)

Back 52

Brachial

Front 53

Upper Limb (between arm and hand)

Back 53

Antebrachial

Front 54

Back of Hand

Back 54

Carpal

Front 55

Palm of Hand

Back 55

Palmar

Front 56

Wrist

Back 56

Manual

Front 57

Finger Bones

Back 57

Phalangeal/digital

Front 58

Cranial Cavity

Back 58

Brain

Front 59

Mediastimium

Back 59

Heart, aorta, thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes

Front 60

Thoracic Cavity

Back 60

Lungs, Heart, Aorta, Pulmonary artery, Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae, Thyroid, trach, esophagus

Front 61

Abdominal Cavity

Back 61

Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder, Spleen, Pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, large intestine

Front 62

Pelvic Cavity

Back 62

Reproductive Organs, Bladder, Rectum, Colon, (prostate, ovaries, uterus, cervix, testes ect..)

Front 63

Spinal Cavity

Back 63

Vertabrae, spinal cord, brain stem

Front 64

Pericardial Cavity

Back 64

Heart, L/R Pulmonary arteries, L/R Pulmonary Veins, Superior Vena Cava, Thymus Gland

Front 65

What divides the thoracic cavity

Back 65

Mediastinum

Front 66

Three Divisions of the Thoracic Cavity

Back 66

Pleural Cavity, Mediastinium, Pericardial Cavity

Front 67

What cavity surrounds the lungs

Back 67

Pleural

Front 68

What cavity is located between the lungs

Back 68

Mediastinium

Front 69

What cavity surrounds the heart and lies within the Mediastinium

Back 69

Pericardial

Front 70

Location of the Abdominal Cavity

Back 70

Between the ribs and pelvis

Front 71

Location of the Pelvic Cavity

Back 71

Within the Pelvis

Front 72

The Ventral Cavity is composed of these three cavities

Back 72

Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic

Front 73

The Dorsal Cavity is composed of these two cavities

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Cranial and Spinal

Front 74

Where is the cranial cavity located

Back 74

Within the skull

Front 75

The body has two main cavities know as

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Doral and Ventral Cavities

Front 76

Structures closer to the midline

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Medial

Front 77

Structures farther away from the midline, towards the sides

Back 77

Lateral

Front 78

Sagittal Plane

Back 78

Divides the body into left and right parts

Front 79

Midsagittal Plane

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Saggital Section running through the midline of the body

Front 80

Parasagittal Sections

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Offcentered Sagital Plane

Front 81

Midline

Back 81

Splits body into left and right sides

Front 82

Transverse Plane

Back 82

Divides the body into upper and lower parts

Front 83

Coronal Planes

Back 83

Cut perpendicular to the sagittal planes

Front 84

Superior

Back 84

Above

Front 85

Inferior

Back 85

Below

Front 86

Anterior

Back 86

Front

Front 87

Posterior

Back 87

Back

Front 88

Dorsal

Back 88

Back

Front 89

Ventral

Back 89

Front

Front 90

Proximal

Back 90

A structure is close to the point of attachment

Front 91

Distal

Back 91

Structure is further from the point of attachment

Front 92

Superficial

Back 92

Structure that is nearer the surface of the organ or body

Front 93

Deep

Back 93

Structure that is further away from the surface of the body or organ

Front 94

Cell

Back 94

Basic Unit of Life

Front 95

How are cells designed

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To be self sufficient and can function with or without other cells

Front 96

What is the cell composed of

Back 96

Outer membrane, intracellular fluid, organelles

Front 97

Organelles

Back 97

Cell organs

Front 98

Plasma membrane

Back 98

Semipermeable membrane that forms the outer boundry of the cell

Front 99

What is the plasma membrane composed of

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phospholipids and proteins arranged in a random mosaic pattern

Front 100

Cytoplasm

Back 100

Intracellular Fluid

Front 101

The brain of the cell

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Nucleus

Front 102

What does the nucleus contain

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DNA, helps the cell perform all of its functions

Front 103

An actively dividing nucleus forms

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46 strands of DNA called chromosomes

Front 104

A non active nucleus contains what kind of DNA

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Spread out chromatin

Front 105

What type of membrane does the nuclear envelope have

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Slectively permeable

Front 106

What is the nuclear envelope composed of

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Phospholipids

Front 107

What does the nuclear envelope not allow out

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DNA

Front 108

What cell structure indicates the cell is creating ribosomes

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Nucleolus

Front 109

What are ribosomes involved with?

Back 109

Synthesis of proteins

Front 110

What structure plays a key role in metabolism

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Mitochondria

Front 111

Metabolism

Back 111

ATP formation

Front 112

What kind of membrane do mirtochondria have

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Double (outer smooth and inner folded)

Front 113

What is the only organelle that is self replicating?

Back 113

Mitochondria

Front 114

How much ATP does the mitochondria produce

Back 114

Only a very small amount - 1 mole, 2 ATP

Front 115

Series of pouch like, interconnected membranes

Back 115

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 116

Smooth ER

Back 116

Most common type, stores materials, intracelluar transport of materials, and produces lipids.

Front 117

Rough ER

Back 117

Has ribosomes associated with its membrane. Makes proteins.

Front 118

Ribosomes

Back 118

Two part structures that are composed of RNA

Front 119

Ribosome sub structures a ___ when making protein and ___ when not.

Back 119

Join, seperate

Front 120

Proteins made from ribosomes of the ER go where

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outside the cell

Front 121

Polysomes

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Ribosomes not associated with rough ER

Front 122

Polysomes

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Free ribosomes that make protein for use in the cell

Front 123

Golgi Body

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Packages materials produced by the cell and wraps it in a phospholipid covering, folded membranes

Front 124

Cytoskeleton

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series of microtubules and microfilaments that form a supportive framework for the cell

Front 125

What are centrioles composed of

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Bundles of microtubules

Front 126

In the non dividing cell where are centrioles found

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Centrosome

Front 127

What helps move divinding chromosomes

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Centioles

Front 128

Are centrioles capable of cellular division

Back 128

No

Front 129

Where are the centrioles absent?

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RBC,most muscle cells, neurons

Front 130

Membrane bound storage bubbles

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Vacuoles and pinocytotic

Front 131

Materials stored in the vaculoes originated where

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From within the cell

Front 132

Materials stored in the pinocytotic vesicles originated from

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Outside the cell (bacteria, viruses)

Front 133

How are pinocytotic vesicles moved into the cell

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Pinocytosis

Front 134

What membrane bound unit has protein digesting enzymes (proteolytic)

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Lysosomes

Front 135

What do lysosomes do?

Back 135

Release enzymes to help destroy a damaged cell or materials brought in by phagocytosis

Front 136

Flagellum

Back 136

Whip like structure aides in the movement of the cell

Front 137

What has flagellum

Back 137

sperm and pathogenic organisms

Front 138

Cilia

Back 138

Small hair like extensions of the plasma membrane composed of microtubules.

Front 139

What is the function of cilia

Back 139

Moves some organisms but in the human body it moves things over the cell surface

Front 140

Microvilli

Back 140

Tiny folds in the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of the cell

Front 141

DNA forms what in the nucleus of the cell

Back 141

Chromatin and chromosomes

Front 142

What does DNA do

Back 142

forms genetic materials to tell the cell how to perform its functions by coding for the pattern used to create proteins

Front 143

RNA role

Back 143

major riles in the synthesis of proteins

Front 144

What is DNA and RNA composed of

Back 144

Nucleotides

Front 145

What are nucleotides composed of

Back 145

sugar and phosphat groups

Front 146

DNA sugar

Back 146

Deoxyribose

Front 147

RNA sugar

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Ribose

Front 148

How are two stands of DNA held together

Back 148

Weak hydrogen bond

Front 149

How are strands of RNA held together

Back 149

Single strand of sugar/phosphate units

Front 150

DNA nitrogenous bases

Back 150

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Front 151

RNA nitogenous bases

Back 151

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

Front 152

mRNA (messenger)

Back 152

Copies info from DNA then serves as pattern for putting protein together

Front 153

tRNA (transfer)

Back 153

brings amino acids to the site of protein synthesis (amino acids form protein strand)

Front 154

rRNA (ribosomal)

Back 154

Forms small subunits of ribosomes which is the synthesis site for making proteins