Anatomy And Physiology 1: Chapter 1

Front 1

Median Plane

Back 1

Divides the body into equal left and right halves

Front 2

Sagittal Plane

Back 2

Divides the body into left and right parts that are not necessarily equal

Front 3

Transverse Plane

Back 3

Divides the body inot cranial and caudal parts

Front 4

Dorsal Plane

Back 4

Divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts

Front 5

Left

Back 5

The animal's left

Front 6

Right

Back 6

The animal's right

Front 7

Cranial

Back 7

Toward the head; also the "front" surface of the limb proximal to the carpus or tarsus

Front 8

Caudal

Back 8

Toward the tail; also the "back" surface of a limb proximal to the carpus or tarsus

Front 9

Rostal

Back 9

Toward the tip of the nose (used ONLY on the head)

Front 10

Dorsal

Back 10

Toward the top (backbone) surface of the body; also the top/front surface of a limb distal to the carpus or tarsus

Front 11

Ventral

Back 11

Toward the bottom (belly) surface of the body

Front 12

Medial

Back 12

Toward the median plane

Front 13

Lateral

Back 13

Away from the median plane

Front 14

Deep

Back 14

Toward the center of the body or a body part

Front 15

Superficial

Back 15

Toward the surface of the body or a body part

Front 16

Proximal

Back 16

Toward the body (used for appendages)

Front 17

Distal

Back 17

Toward the body (used for appendages)

Front 18

Palmar

Back 18

Ground/back surface of front limb distal to the carpus

Front 19

Plantar

Back 19

Ground/back surface of hind limb distal to the tarsus

Front 20

Barrel

Back 20

Trunk of the body-formed by the rib cage and the abdomen

Front 21

Flank

Back 21

Lateral surface of the abdomen between the last rib cage and the hind legs

Front 22

Brisket

Back 22

Area at the base of the neck between the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum

Front 23

Poll

Back 23

Top of the head between the base of the ears

Front 24

Muzzle

Back 24

Rostal part of the face formed mainly by the maxillary and nasal bones

Front 25

Withers

Back 25

Area dorsal to scapulas

Front 26

Tail head

Back 26

Dorsal part of the base of the tail

Front 27

Hock

Back 27

Tarsus

Front 28

Stifle

Back 28

Femorotibial/fermoropatellar joint-equivalent to human knee

Front 29

Fetlock

Back 29

Joint between cannon bone (large metacarpal/metatarsal) and the proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

Front 30

Knee

Back 30

Carpus of hoofed animals

Front 31

Cannon

Back 31

Large metacarpal or metatarsal bone of hoofed animals

Front 32

Pastern

Back 32

Area of the proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

Front 33

Dorsal Recumbency

Back 33

Lying on the back (dorsal body surface) with the ventral surface facing up

Front 34

Lateral Recumbency

Back 34

Lying on the side-left lateral recumbency means left side down and right lateral recumbency means right side down

Front 35

Sternal Recumbency

Back 35

Lying on the sternum (ventral body surface) with the dorsal surface facing up

Front 36

Oblique Recumbency

Back 36

The body is tilted between dorsal or sternal recumbency and lateral recumbency; referred to by a combination of the other position terns

Front 37

Dental Arch

Back 37

The complete arched arrangement of upper or lower teeth; also known as the dental arcade

Front 38

Quadrant

Back 38

The left or right half of each dental arch

Front 39

Incisor Teeth

Back 39

The most rostral group of teeth

Front 40

Canine Teeth

Back 40

The teeth located just lateral to the incisor teeth

Front 41

Premolar Teeth

Back 41

The rostal cheek teeth

Front 42

Molar Teeth

Back 42

The caudal cheek teeth

Front 43

Crown

Back 43

The exposed part of a tooth above the gum line

Front 44

Root

Back 44

The hidden part of a tooth below the gum line

Front 45

Coronal

Back 45

Toward the crown of a tooth

Front 46

Apical

Back 46

Toward the tip of the root of a tooth

Front 47

Gingival

Back 47

Toward the gingiva (gum)

Front 48

Furcation

Back 48

The area where the roots of a multirooted tooth join the crown

Front 49

Mesial

Back 49

For canine, premolar, and molar teeth, the surface facing toward the rostal end of the mouth. For the incisor teeth, the surface or edge facing toward the center (midline)

Front 50

Distal

Back 50

For canine, premolar, the surface or edge facing toward the caudal end of the mouth. For the incisor teeth, the surface or edge farthest from the center (midline)

Front 51

Buccal

Back 51

Surface of a tooth facing the cheeks

Front 52

Palatal

Back 52

Surface of an upper tooth facing the hard palate

Front 53

Labial

Back 53

Surface of a tooth facing the lips

Front 54

Lingual

Back 54

Surface of a lower tooth facing the tongue

Front 55

Incisal Edge

Back 55

The cutting edge of a sharp tooth's crown

Front 56

Occlusal Surface

Back 56

The flat grinding surface of molar teeth

Front 57

Interproximal Space

Back 57

Space between adjacent teeth

Front 58

Interproximal Surface

Back 58

Surface of a tooth that faces an adjacent tooth