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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stomach acid (HCl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) from the pancreas combine to form NaCl and H2CO3.
This type of reaction is known as... |
exchange
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_______ ______ are affected by:
concentration temperature catalysts –substances that temporarily bond to reactants, hold them in favorable position to react with each other Enzymes – most important biological catalysts |
Reaction rates
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energy releasing decomposition reactions
produces smaller molecules releases useful energy |
Catabolism
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energy storing synthesis reactions
requires energy input |
Anabolism
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Why is water so important to life?
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Reactivity, Heat capacity, solubility and lubrication
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Inorganic ions which conduct electricity in solution
an imbalance of this can seriously disturbs vital body functions |
Electrolytes
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An excess of this can damages cells and tissues
alters proteins interferes with normal physiological functions |
Excess of H+ ions
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Substances that resist changes in pH is known as a ____
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Buffer
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quickly mobilized source of energy
all digested _______converted to glucose |
Carbohydrates
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Glycolipids
Glycoproteins Proteoglycans These are all examples of _____ |
Glucose
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Simplest carbohydrates
Simple (single unit) sugars |
monosaccharides
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Sugar molecule composed of 2 monosaccharides
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disaccharides
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long chain sugars
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polysaccharides
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form essential structural components of cells and function as energy reserves
Cushions organs and insulates body Play a role in creating/regulating hormone production |
lipids
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These are all examples of ______
Fatty acids Triglycerides Phospholipids Cholesterol Steroid hormones |
lipids
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the most abundant and (argueably) important organic molecules
Composed of chains (polymers) of amino acids 20 amino acids occur in significant quantities in the body Shape and sequence of this determines it’s function |
proteins
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Sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
is referred to as the ______ structure |
Primary
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Alpha helix or beta sheet formed by hydrogen bonding
this is known as the ______ structure |
Secondary
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Folding and coiling due to interactions among R groups and
between R groups and surrounding water This is the _______ structure |
Tertiary
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Association of two or more polypeptide chains with each other
This i known as the ______ structure |
Quarternary
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unique three dimensional shape of protein crucial to function
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Conformation
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extreme conformational change that destroys function
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Denaturation
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What are the various functions of proteins
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Structure, Cell communication, Membrane transport, movement, cell adhesion, recognition and protection, catalysis
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- proteins that function as biological catalysts
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enzymes
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substance an enzyme acts upon
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substrates
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Lowers activation energy - energy needed to get reaction started
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enzymes
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What factors change enzyme shape?
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Temperature and pH
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What pH does salivary amylase work best?
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7.0
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What pH does Pepsin work best?
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2.0
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3 components of nucleotides
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phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base
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What is the best known nucleotide?
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ATP
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constitutes genes
instructions for synthesizing all of the body’s proteins transfers hereditary information from cell to cell and generation to generation |
Deoxyribonucleic acid
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carries out genetic instruction for synthesizing proteins
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RNA
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