Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

4 bone types are

Back 1

Long, short, flat or regular

Front 2

Long bones have

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Elongated and have expanded ends (femur)

Front 3

Short bones are

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Cube like (wrist bones)

Front 4

Sesamoid bones

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Develop in tendons (patella)

Front 5

Flat bones are

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Plate like witty broad surfaces (scapula)

Front 6

Irregular bones have

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A variety of shapes (vertebrae)

Front 7

Epiphyses are

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Expanded ends off bones that form joints with adjacent bones

Front 8

Articular cartilage is also known as

Back 8

Hyaline cartilage

Front 9

Articular cartilage covers what?

Back 9

the ends of joints

Front 10

Diaphysis is

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The shaft of the bone

Front 11

What type of bone makes up the outside of the diaphysis?

Back 11

Compact and spongy bone

Front 12

Periosteum covers

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The bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons

Front 13

Medullary cavity is

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Lined with endosteum and filled with marrow

Front 14

Bone cells are called

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Osteocytes

Front 15

Bone cells are located in

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Lacunae that lie in concentric circles around central canals

Front 16

Canaliculi are

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Passageways in the matrix where osteocytes pass nutrients and wastes back and forth

Front 17

Extracellular material consists of

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Collagen and in organic salts

Front 18

The 2 types of bone are

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Compact and spongy bone

Front 19

What is organized in osteons

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blood vessels and nerve fibers

Front 20

what direction do the central canals extend through?

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longitudinally

Front 21

compact bone is found in

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long bones of arms and legs

Front 22

trabeculae is

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thin bony plates

Front 23

spongy bone is found in

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the skull, ribs, vertebrae and sternum

Front 24

osteoblasts are cells that

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deposit bony tissue (cartilage) around themselves

Front 25

lacunae are

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little compartments

Front 26

The periosteum is

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the outer covering of the bone

Front 27

endochondral bone formation first develops as

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hyaline cartilage models that are then replaced by bone

Front 28

what is cartilage tissue invaded by?

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blood vessels and osteoblasts

Front 29

A band of hyaline cartilage is called

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the epiphyseal plate

Front 30

what do osteoclasts do?

Back 30

break down calcified matrix

Front 31

what do osteoblasts do?

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deposit bone in place of calcified cartilage

Front 32

the length of bones increase because of the

Back 32

epiphyseal plates

Front 33

the thickness of bones increase because of

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intramembranous ossification

Front 34

What happens to the epiphyseal plate at adult hood?

Back 34

ossifies

Front 35

What do bones support?

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give shape to head, face thorax and limbs. pelvis and lower limbs provide support for bodies weight

Front 36

what to bones protect?

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the eyes, ears and brain, rib cage and shoulder girdle protect the heart and lungs

Front 37

how do bones play in movement?

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act as levers

Front 38

blood cells form through

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hematopoiesis in the yolk sac

Front 39

red marrow is found in

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spongy bone of the skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles vertebrae and pelvis

Front 40

red marrow functions to

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form red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Front 41

yellow marrow functions to

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store fat

Front 42

the axial skeleton consists of

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skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column and thorax

Front 43

the appendicular skeleton consists of

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pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle and lower limbs

Front 44

what are the 8 cranial bones

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frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid

Front 45

the opening of the ear is called

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external acoustic meatus

Front 46

what are the 14 facial bones

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2 maxillae, 2 palatine, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, vomer, 2 inferior nasal conchae and mandible

Front 47

zygomatic makes up the

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cheeks

Front 48

vomer and ethmoid bones make up the

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nasal septum

Front 49

maxillae and palatine make up the

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hard palate

Front 50

what are fontanels

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the soft spot on a babies head

Front 51

what is the drum shaped part of the vertebrae called that supports the weight of the head

Back 51

body

Front 52

what are the 2 lateral processes called?

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transverse process and superior and inferior articular processes

Front 53

what are the functions of the lateral processes

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bear cartilage covered facets b which each vertebra is joined to the one above and below it

Front 54

the name of the dorsal process is

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dorsal spinous process

Front 55

the top 2 vertebrae are the

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atlas and axis

Front 56

how is the cervical vertebrae different from the others

Back 56

have transverse formina

Front 57

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

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e

Front 58

coccyx is the

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tailbone

Front 59

the bones in the thoracic cage are the

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ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum

Front 60

how many true pairs of ribs are there

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7

Front 61

how many false ribs are there

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5

Front 62

the sternum is made if the

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manubrium, body and xiphoid process

Front 63

the clavicle has a what shape

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s shape

Front 64

the spine divides the

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scapula (shoulder blades)

Front 65

the glenoid cavities articulates with the

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humerus

Front 66

where is the head of the humerus

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in the shoulder blades (scapula)

Front 67

the 2 fossae of the humerus are the

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coronoid and olecranon

Front 68

what are the processes near the head of the humerus

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greater and lesser tubercles

Front 69

where is the radius located

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thumb side of the forearm

Front 70

what is the purpose of the flattened head of the radius

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connects with the humerus to allow the radius to rotate

Front 71

what does the radius contain

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the radial tuberosity and styloid processes

Front 72

what is the name of the notch on the ulna

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styloid process

Front 73

what is unusual about the location of the head of the ulna

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it is upside down (distal)

Front 74

how many carpal bones are in the wrist

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8

Front 75

how many metacarpals are in the hand

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5

Front 76

what are the bones in the fingers called

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phalanges

Front 77

how many bones does each finger have

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3

Front 78

how many bones does the thumb have

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2

Front 79

what does the pelvic girdle consist of

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2 coxal bones and the sacrum

Front 80

what does the pelvic girdle support

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the trunk of the body on the lower limbs

Front 81

the largest portion of the coxal bone is the

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ilium

Front 82

the ilium

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flares outward, lateral to the groin and provides attachments for ligaments and muscles

Front 83

what shape is the ischium

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L shaped